The contribution of biomass burning to the total aerosol loading over Monsoon Asia is both significant and continuing to increase. To better match the spatio-temporal distribution of aerosols and trace gasses observed in the free troposphere, this work applied a 3-D constrained emission inventory based on top-down remotely sensed NO₂ measurement to investigate the most extreme of the annually occurring biomass burning seasons in Monsoon Asia. In 2016, this constituted an extreme event observed over a 6-day period covering millions of square kilometers, including over regions that are typically in the rainy phase of the Asian Monsoon. The results are shown to be consistent with respect to Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission precipitation, AERONET measurements, MODIS AOD, MOPITT CO, and reanalysis meteorology, over both the biomass burning source as well as the millions of square kilometers downwind both to the East and to the Southwest. Reproducing the observed long-range transport pattern requires the time of biomass burning to be increased, regions not previously identified as burning to be actual source regions, and the emissions of Black Carbon (BC) to be 6.6 to 11.9 times larger than current inventories. The underlying mechanism for this long-range transport involves a new 3-D pathway that can occur during the transition from the North phase to the South phase of the Asian Monsoon. The results are also consistent with the new idea that large loadings of BC in the lower free troposphere may significantly affect the meteorological field and the overall vertical distribution of aerosols in the tropical troposphere.

中文翻译：

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使用新的自上而下约束排放清单来归因于亚洲季风自由对流层每年观测到的极端气溶胶负荷的先前未知来源

生物质燃烧对亚洲季风总气溶胶负荷的贡献既显着又继续增加。为了更好地匹配在自由对流层中观察到的气溶胶和痕量气体的时空分布，这项工作应用了基于自上而下遥感 NO ₂的 3-D 约束排放清单测量以调查亚洲季风每年发生的最极端的生物质燃烧季节。2016 年，这构成了在 6 天期间观测到的极端事件，覆盖数百万平方公里，包括通常处于亚洲季风雨季的地区。结果表明，热带降雨测量任务降水、AERONET 测量、MODIS AOD、MOPITT CO 和再分析气象学的结果与生物质燃烧源以及东部和东部下风向的数百万平方公里的结果一致。西南地区。再现观察到的长距离迁移模式需要增加生物质燃烧的时间，之前未确定为燃烧的区域是实际源区域，黑碳 (BC) 的排放量是 6.6 到 11。比当前库存大 9 倍。这种远程传输的潜在机制涉及一种新的 3-D 路径，该路径可能发生在亚洲季风从北相向南相过渡期间。结果也与新的想法一致，即自由对流层低层BC的大量负载可能显着影响热带对流层气溶胶的整体垂直分布和气象场。