In this study, a robustly dual catalyst of Ti-substituted LaFeO ₃ (Ti-LaFeO₃) was synthesized in a quest for developing a simultaneous photocatalytic wet peroxide oxidation (photo-CWPO). In this feature, Ti-LaFeO₃ was utilized to degrade carbofuran (CBF) by photocatalysis and photo-Fenton processes under UV and visible light. EDX and XRD analyses confirmed the partial substitution of La by Ti in the lattice of LaFeO₃. Other analyses such as SEM, TEM, HRTEM, SAED, and FTIR characterized the structure and morphology of the catalyst. Furthermore, the reflectance spectra indicated a remarkable bandgap of the modified catalyst (1.96 eV). Compared to pristine LaFeO₃, Ti-LaFeO₃ showed higher degradation of CBF due to the reduced bandgap. A central composite design was utilized for the optimization of the experimental parameters such as the CBF initial concentration, loading of Ti-LaFeO₃, $H_2$O₂ dose, and pH. Under the optimal conditions (initial CBF concentration = 7.0 mg/L, catalyst loading = 700 mg/L, H₂O₂ dose = 480 mg/L, and pH 3.0), CBF removal was 90.6% after 180 min of the CWPO process. Furthermore, the catalyst was reused in five consecutive cycles to evaluate its stability. The leaching of iron was measured to assess its role in the degradation of CBF. The oxidation pathway of CBF was proposed according to the identified transformation products by tandem mass spectrometry. The mechanism investigation indicated an enhanced degradation of CBF by both photocatalytic and Fenton-like reactions using Ti-LaFeO₃.

在这项研究中，为了开发同步光催化湿过氧化物氧化 (photo-CWPO)，合成了一种稳定的 Ti 取代的 LaFeO ₃ (Ti-LaFeO ₃ )双重催化剂。在此功能中，Ti-LaFeO ₃用于在紫外和可见光下通过光催化和光芬顿过程降解呋喃丹（CBF）。EDX 和 XRD 分析证实了 LaFeO ₃晶格中的 La 被 Ti 部分取代。其他分析如 SEM、TEM、HRTEM、SAED 和 FTIR 表征了催化剂的结构和形态。此外，反射光谱表明改性催化剂具有显着的带隙（1.96 eV）。与原始的 LaFeO ₃相比，Ti-LaFeO ₃由于带隙减小，CBF 的降解程度更高。中心复合设计用于优化实验参数，如 CBF 初始浓度、Ti-LaFeO ₃负载、$H_2$O ₂剂量和pH。在最佳条件下（初始 CBF 浓度 = 7.0 mg/L，催化剂负载 = 700 mg/L，H ₂ O ₂剂量 = 480 mg/L，pH 3.0），CWPO 工艺 180 min 后 CBF 去除率为 90.6% . 此外，催化剂在连续五个循环中重复使用以评估其稳定性。测量铁的浸出以评估其在 CBF 降解中的作用。根据串联质谱鉴定的转化产物，提出了CBF的氧化途径。机理研究表明，使用 Ti-LaFeO _{3 的}光催化和类芬顿反应都可以增强 CBF 的降解。