This article relates the experiences of Polish-Jewish children, born or raised in Germany, who survived the war in the Soviet hinterland, and validates that their traumatic wartime experiences had long-lasting consequences. Over the course of the years 1938 to 1945, as well as throughout the post-war decade, this group of children survived several fundamental, political transformations, which deeply affected and irrevocably changed their lives. These caesuras thrust them through a triad of transitions: as young deportees and refugees they ceased to be children; they were moved forcibly from one country to another; and the emotional pain and trauma they experienced during forced migrations. All of these children were refugees three or more times over: expelled from Germany to Poland, deported or sent to the interior of the Soviet Union, ‘repatriated’ from the USSR to Poland, they fled to Displaced Persons camps in Germany or Austria, and finally emigrated to Western countries. These extremely personal accounts of Polish-Jewish children experiences not only open a window into the past and help us to better understand the special plight of child victims and survivors, but they also allow us to reflect more deeply, thoughtfully, and comprehensively on the present-day issues of forced migration, displacement, and refugee crises.

这篇文章讲述了在德国出生或长大的波兰犹太儿童在苏联腹地的战争中幸存下来的经历，并证实他们在战争中的创伤经历产生了长期的后果。在 1938 年至 1945 年以及整个战后十年期间，这群儿童在几次根本性的政治变革中幸存下来，这些变革深深地影响并不可逆转地改变了他们的生活。这些绝境让他们经历了三个转变：作为年轻的被驱逐者和难民，他们不再是孩子；他们被强行从一个国家转移到另一个国家；以及他们在被迫迁移期间所经历的情感痛苦和创伤。所有这些孩子都曾三度以上是难民：从德国被驱逐到波兰，被驱逐出境或被送往苏联内陆，从苏联“遣返”到波兰，他们逃到德国或奥地利的流离失所者营地，最后移民到西方国家。这些极其个人化的波兰犹太儿童经历不仅打开了一扇了解过去的窗口，帮助我们更好地了解儿童受害者和幸存者的特殊困境，而且还让我们能够更深入、更周到、更全面地反思现在- 强迫移民、流离失所和难民危机等日常问题。