Characteristics of the neighbourhood environment, including population density, social fragmentation, and trust, have been linked to mental health outcomes. Using a longitudinal population-based cohort, we explored the relationship between objective and subjective neighbourhood characteristics and the odds of suicidal thoughts and attempts.

We conducted a longitudinal study of 20764 participants living in Stockholm County who participated in the Stockholm Public Health Survey. We used multilevel modelling to examine if suicidal thoughts and attempts were associated with neighbourhood characteristics, independent of individual associations. We included objective and subjective measures to explore if there was a different relationship between these measures of the neighbourhood environment and suicidality.

Associations between neighbourhood factors and suicidality were predominantly explained by individual characteristics, with the exception of neighbourhood-level deprivation and average residential trust. Each unit increase of deprivation was linked to increased odds of suicidal thoughts [Odds ratio (OR) 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.07] and attempts (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.06–1.17). Decreasing residential trust was associated with increased odds of suicide attempts (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.17). There was no evidence that neighbourhood-level fragmentation or average trust in public and political institutions had an independent effect on suicidality once individual and sociodemographic factors were accounted for.

This study showed that much of the neighbourhood-level variation in suicidal thoughts and attempts could be explained by compositional factors, including sociodemographic clustering within neighbourhoods. The independent effect of neighbourhood-level deprivation and average residential trust provide evidence that the neighbourhood context may exert an independent effect on suicidality beyond the impact of individual characteristics.

邻里环境的特征，包括人口密度、社会分裂和信任，与心理健康结果有关。我们使用基于人口的纵向队列，探讨了客观和主观邻里特征与自杀念头和企图的几率之间的关系。

我们对居住在斯德哥尔摩县的 20764 名参与斯德哥尔摩公共卫生调查的参与者进行了纵向研究。我们使用多层次模型来检查自杀念头和企图是否与邻里特征相关，而与个体关联无关。我们纳入了客观和主观措施，以探讨这些邻里环境措施与自杀率之间是否存在不同的关系。

邻里因素与自杀之间的关联主要由个人特征来解释，但邻里级别的剥夺和平均住宅信任度除外。每增加一个单位的剥夺都与增加自杀念头的几率有关 [优势比 (OR) 1.04，95% 置信区间 (CI) 1.00–1.07] 和尝试（OR 1.11，95% CI 1.06–1.17）。居民信任度下降与自杀未遂几率增加相关（OR 1.09，95% CI 1.02–1.17）。一旦考虑到个人和社会人口因素，没有证据表明社区层面的分裂或对公共和政治机构的平均信任度对自杀有独立影响。

这项研究表明，自杀念头和自杀企图在社区层面的大部分差异可以用构成因素来解释，包括社区内的社会人口聚集。邻里剥夺感和平均住宅信任度的独立影响提供证据表明，邻里环境可能对自杀产生独立影响，而不仅仅是个人特征的影响。