The Eurasian Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus is a large Palearctic, Indohimalayan and Afrotropical Old-World vulture. The species’ range is vast, encompassing territories from the Pyrenees to the Himalayas. We reviewed and analysed a long-term data set for Griffon Vulture in the Balkans to estimate the change in its population size and range between 1980 and 2019. After a large historical decline, the Griffon Vulture population slightly increased in the last 39 years (λ = 1.02) and reached 445–565 pairs in 2019. We recorded a gradual increase of Griffon Vulture subpopulations in Serbia (λ = 1.08 ± 0.003), Bulgaria (λ = 1.08 ± 0.003) and Croatia (λ = 1.05 ± 0.005) and steep to a moderate decline of the species subpopulations in Greece (λ = 0.88 ± 0.005) and North Macedonia (λ = 0.94 ± 0.01). However, species range contracted to half of its former range in the same period. It occurred in 42 UTM squares in the 1980–1990 period and only 20 UTM squares between 2011 and 2019 and concentrated into three source subpopulations in Bulgaria, Serbia, and Croatia. Following reintroductions of the Griffon Vulture in Bulgaria, new colonies were formed at three novel localities after 2010. Regular movements of individuals between the different subpopulations exist nowadays. Therefore, preservation of both current and former core areas used for breeding and roosting is essential for species conservation in the region. However, the Griffon Vulture still faces severe threats and risk of local extinction. Various hazards such as poisoning, collision with energy infrastructure, disturbance and habitat alteration are depleting the status of the Balkan population and its full recovery. Further studies should analyse age-specific survival and mortality, recruitment, genetic relatedness, spatial use to inform the viability of this population in the future.

欧亚狮鹫Gyps fulvus是一种大型的古北界、印度喜马拉雅和非洲热带旧大陆秃鹫。该物种的范围很广，包括从比利牛斯山脉到喜马拉雅山脉的领土。我们审查并分析了巴尔干地区格里芬秃鹫的长期数据集，以估计其种群规模和范围在 1980 年至 2019 年之间的变化。在经历了历史性的大幅下降之后，格里芬秃鹫的种群在过去 39 年中略有增加（λ = 1.02) 并在 2019 年达到 445-565 对。我们记录到塞尔维亚 (λ = 1.08 ± 0.003)、保加利亚 (λ = 1.08 ± 0.003) 和克罗地亚 (λ = 1.05 ± 0.005) 和陡峭的格里芬秃鹰亚种群逐渐增加希腊 (λ = 0.88 ± 0.005) 和北马其顿 (λ = 0.94 ± 0.01) 的物种亚群适度下降。然而，在同一时期，物种范围缩小到原来范围的一半。它在 1980 年至 1990 年期间发生在 42 个 UTM 方格中，而 2011 年至 2019 年期间只有 20 个 UTM 方格，并集中在保加利亚、塞尔维亚和克罗地亚的三个源亚群中。在保加利亚重新引入格里芬秃鹰之后，2010 年之后在三个新的地方形成了新的殖民地。如今，不同亚群之间的个体经常流动。因此，保护​​当前和以前用于繁殖和栖息的核心区域对于该地区的物种保护至关重要。然而，格里芬秃鹰仍然面临着严重的威胁和局部灭绝的风险。各种危害，如中毒、与能源基础设施的碰撞、干扰和栖息地改变，正在耗尽巴尔干人口的状况及其全面恢复。