Polyglot federations face a challenge in reconciling between the national identities and regional identities. Demand for a second States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) in India in 2015 by some groups bears testimony to this fact. On the question of political remapping in post-independence period, the constitutional ancestors sought to save India from another religious bigotry and the menace of casteism. The emergence of language as a viable alternative gained momentum in Nagpur session (1920) of the Indian National Congress (INC). But subsequent years encountered with a difficulty in adopting territorial solution for accommodating India’s multilingual identities. Pre-constitutional, extra-constitutional and constitutional arrangements have faced the challenge of linguistic accommodation. Dar Commission warned the risk of federal remapping with existing linguistic pocket corridors in the states. Inter-state migration has proliferated the problem over the years. Even the SRC could not provide adequate safeguards for large number of linguistic minorities living in all states (Kerala becomes exception with 97.03% linguistic majorities). There new minority emerged and accommodated but with limits. Census report of 2011 shows India having 19,569 languages which stood 1369 after linguistic scrutiny. Territorial machinations appear inadequate to satisfy all linguistic groups but only to incur huge expenditure. Indian federalism seems deficient in non-territorial power sharing which has succeeded in countries like Belgium in the form of Consociational representation. With its promise of inclusivity by means of a possible alternative it demands the attention of the policy makers as well as the academia.

中文翻译：

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十字路口的联邦制：印度语言少数群体的危机

多语言联盟在协调国家身份和区域身份方面面临挑战。一些团体要求 2015 年在印度成立第二个国家重组委员会 (SRC)，这证明了这一事实。在独立后时期的政治重新映射问题上，立宪先祖试图将印度从另一种宗教偏见和种姓制度的威胁中拯救出来。语言作为一种可行的替代方案的出现在印度国民大会 (INC) 的那格浦尔会议 (1920) 中获得了动力。但随后几年在采用领土解决方案以适应印度的多语言身份方面遇到了困难。宪法前、宪法外和宪法安排都面临着语言通融的挑战。达尔委员会警告联邦重新映射各州现有语言通道的风险。多年来，州际移民使这个问题激增。甚至 SRC 也无法为生活在所有州的大量语言少数群体提供足够的保障（喀拉拉邦成为例外，97.03% 的语言少数群体）。出现了新的少数群体并加以适应，但有限制。2011 年的人口普查报告显示，印度有 19,569 种语言，经语言审查后为 1369 种。领土阴谋似乎不足以满足所有语言群体，而只会招致巨额开支。印度联邦制似乎缺乏非领土权力分享，这种分享在比利时等国家以联合代表制的形式取得了成功。