The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an Asian invasive plant-feeding insect and an emerging kiwifruit pest. Knowledge about the BMSB dynamics and damage to kiwifruit outside the bug native range is scarce. This 2-yr study was aimed at describing phenology and infestation dynamics of BMSB in green-fleshed and yellow-fleshed kiwifruits. Natural enemies were investigated as well. Field surveys were performed weekly in two sites in Northern Italy by pheromone-baited traps and visual samplings, from early Spring to mid-Autumn. All BMSB life stages were collected and kept under observation to assess occurrence of parasitoids. A sample of fruit was dissected weekly to detect BMSB feeding injuries. In 2018–2019, BMSB was found throughout the growing season with two generations per year with a large overlapping of all life stages. Pheromone-baited traps and visual samplings gave consistent results and can be both considered effective sampling methods on kiwifruit. Fruit injuries were significantly related to kiwifruit development stage, weekly captures of BMSBs by traps, and cultivar. Several BMSB egg masses were found on kiwifruit leaves. Anastatus bifasciatus Geoffroy (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), a native egg parasitoid with Palearctic distribution, emerged from 20.14% of eggs in 2018, but the percent parasitism dropped to 0.47% in 2019. In both years, other natural enemies were found exerting negligible pressure on BMSB populations. The determination of reliable economic thresholds for BMSB on kiwifruit is urgently needed to develop a robust and sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) strategy, and this study provides data towards that direction.

中文翻译：

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意大利北部猕猴桃上的Halyomorpha halys（半翅目：蝾螈科）：物候、侵染和天敌评估

褐斑蝽 (BMSB)，Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (半翅目：蝽科)，是一种亚洲入侵植物取食昆虫和一种新兴的猕猴桃害虫。关于 BMSB 动态和对昆虫原生范围之外的奇异果的损害的知识很少。这项为期 2 年的研究旨在描述 BMSB 在绿肉和黄肉猕猴桃中的物候和侵染动态。天敌也进行了调查。从早春到中秋，每周在意大利北部的两个地点通过信息素诱饵和视觉采样进行实地调查。收集所有 BMSB 生命阶段并保持观察以评估寄生蜂的发生。每周对水果样本进行解剖以检测 BMSB 摄食损伤。2018-2019 年，BMSB 在整个生长季节被发现，每年有两代，所有生命阶段都有很大的重叠。以信息素为诱饵的诱捕器和视觉采样给出了一致的结果，并且都可以被认为是猕猴桃的有效采样方法。果实损伤与猕猴桃发育阶段、每周捕获的 BMSBs 和品种显着相关。在猕猴桃叶子上发现了几个 BMSB 卵块。Anastatus bifasciatus Geoffroy（膜翅目：Eupelmidae）是一种具有古北区分布的原生卵寄生蜂，2018 年从 20.14% 的卵中出现，但寄生率在 2019 年下降到 0.47%。在这两年中，发现其他天敌对BMSB 种群。