Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) cause most of the global burden of viral hepatitis. Geographical and seasonal patterns contribute to the epidemiological status of infectious diseases. The extent of these features in the setting of HAV and HEV infections has not been analyzed in detail. This point is important in highly endemic countries of both viruses, where the pediatric population is at high risk of contracting these infections. A comparison between the frequency of antibodies to HAV and HEV and viral RNA detection in serum samples from pediatric patients with acute hepatitis from South and West Mexico was performed. All samples were positive for HAV mono-infection, which was most frequently detected in the metropolitan areas during the rainy season in the South (90%) and all year round in the West (42%). No HEV mono-infection was detected in the studied regions. A 58% frequency for HAV/HEV co-infection was found in the West, predominantly in the metropolitan areas during the rainy months. A 10% frequency for co-infection broadly distributed in the South throughout the year was also found. Our findings underscore that the distribution of HAV and HEV infections varies through the year and differs among Mexico's distinct geographical regions.

中文翻译：

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墨西哥急性肝炎患儿甲型肝炎病毒和戊型肝炎病毒的时空分布

甲型肝炎病毒 (HAV) 和戊型肝炎病毒 (HEV) 是全球病毒性肝炎负担的主要来源。地理和季节性模式有助于传染病的流行病学状况。尚未详细分析这些特征在 HAV 和 HEV 感染情况下的程度。这一点在这两种病毒高度流行的国家很重要，在这些国家，儿科人群感染这些感染的风险很高。对来自墨西哥南部和西部的急性肝炎儿科患者血清样本中 HAV 和 HEV 抗体的频率和病毒 RNA 检测进行了比较。所有样本都对 HAV 单一感染呈阳性，这种感染最常见于南方雨季期间的大都市地区（90%）和西部全年（42%）。在研究区域未检测到 HEV 单一感染。在西部发现了 58% 的 HAV/HEV 合并感染频率，主要是在雨季的大都市地区。还发现全年广泛分布在南方的共同感染频率为 10%。我们的研究结果强调，甲型肝炎病毒和戊型肝炎病毒感染的分布每年都在变化，并且在墨西哥不同的地理区域之间也存在差异。