Geological hazards (geohazards) are geological processes or phenomena formed under external-induced factors causing losses to human life and property. Geohazards are sudden, cause great harm, and have broad ranges of influence, which bring considerable challenges to geohazard prevention. Monitoring and early warning are the most common strategies to prevent geohazards. With the development of the internet of things (IoT), IoT-based monitoring devices provide rich and fine data, making geohazard monitoring and early warning more accurate and effective. IoT-based monitoring data can be transmitted to a cloud center for processing to provide credible data references for geohazard early warning. However, the massive numbers of IoT devices occupy most resources of the cloud center, which increases the data processing delay. Moreover, limited bandwidth restricts the transmission of large amounts of geohazard monitoring data. Thus, in some cases, cloud computing is not able to meet the real-time requirements of geohazard early warning. Edge computing technology processes data closer to the data source than to the cloud center, which provides the opportunity for the rapid processing of monitoring data. This article presents the general paradigm of edge-based IoT data mining for geohazard prevention, especially monitoring and early warning. The paradigm mainly includes data acquisition, data mining and analysis, and data interpretation. Moreover, a real case is used to illustrate the details of the presented general paradigm. Finally, this article discusses several key problems for the general paradigm of edge-based IoT data mining for geohazard prevention.

中文翻译：

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基于边缘的物联网数据挖掘地质灾害预防的一般范式

地质灾害（geohazard）是在外力因素作用下形成的给人类生命财产造成损失的地质过程或现象。地质灾害突发性大、危害大、影响范围广，给地质灾害防治带来了相当大的挑战。监测和预警是预防地质灾害最常见的策略。随着物联网的发展，基于物联网的监测设备提供了丰富而精细的数据，使地质灾害监测预警更加准确有效。基于物联网的监测数据可以传输到云中心进行处理，为地质灾害预警提供可靠的数据参考。然而，海量的物联网设备占用了云中心的大部分资源，增加了数据处理时延。而且，有限的带宽限制了大量地质灾害监测数据的传输。因此，在某些情况下，云计算无法满足地质灾害预警的实时性要求。边缘计算技术处理数据更靠近数据源而不是云中心，这为监控数据的快速处理提供了机会。本文介绍了基于边缘的物联网数据挖掘用于地质灾害预防，尤其是监测和预警的一般范式。范式主要包括数据获取、数据挖掘与分析、数据解释等。此外，一个真实的案例被用来说明所呈现的一般范式的细节。最后，本文讨论了用于地质灾害预防的基于边缘的物联网数据挖掘的一般范式的几个关键问题。