In light of the rapid development of underground spaces in China and the intense demands of professionals for underground space, the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China has permitted the offering of the urban underground space engineering professional degree program in universities since 2001. This professional degree has now been established in more than 80 universities across China. In this study, the authors have analyzed and discussed the background, history, disciplinary source, learning goals, curricula, and core courses of this profession in great depth. The authors hope that our findings shall contribute to the advancement and development of global efforts to train professionals in urban underground space engineering, promote the development of this profession, and improve the quality of professional cultivation efforts in this field, which in turn drives the scientific development and utilization of underground spaces.