ABSTRACT

The onset of motor symptoms in Parkinson disease (PD) is typically unilateral. Previous work has suggested that laterality of motor symptoms may also influence non-motor symptoms including cognition and emotion perception. In line with hemispheric differences in emotion processing, we tested whether left side/right brain motor onset was associated with worse expression of facial affect when compared to right side/left brain motor onset. We evaluated movement changes associated with facial affect in 30 patients with idiopathic PD (15 left-sided motor onset, 15 right-sided motor onset) and 20 healthy controls. Participants were videotaped while posing three facial expressions: fear, anger, and happiness. Expressions were digitized and analyzed using software that extracted three variables: two measures of dynamic movement change (total entropy and entropy percent change) and a measure of time to initiate facial expression (latency). The groups did not differ in overall amount of movement change or percentchange. However, left-sided onset PD patients were significantly slower in initiating anger and happiness facial expressions than were right-sided onset PD patients and controls. Our results indicated PD patients with left-sided symptom onset had greater latency in initiating two of three facial expressions, which may reflect laterality effects in intentional behaviour.

摘要

帕金森病 (PD) 中运动症状的发作通常是单侧的。以前的研究表明，运动症状的侧向性也可能影响非运动症状，包括认知和情绪感知。根据情绪处理的半球差异，我们测试了与右侧/左脑运动发作相比，左侧/右脑运动发作是否与更差的面部情感表达相关。我们评估了 30 名特发性 PD 患者（15 名左侧运动发作，15 名右侧运动发作）和 20 名健康对照者与面部影响相关的运动变化。参与者在摆出三种面部表情时被录像：恐惧、愤怒和快乐。使用提取三个变量的软件对表达式进行数字化和分析：动态运动变化的两种测量（总熵和熵百分比变化）和启动面部表情的时间测量（延迟）。这些组在运动变化总量或百分比变化方面没有差异。然而，与右侧发病的 PD 患者和对照组相比，左侧发病的 PD 患者在开始愤怒和快乐面部表情方面明显更慢。我们的结果表明，左侧症状发作的 PD 患者在启动三种面部表情中的两种时有更长的潜伏期，这可能反映了意向行为中的偏侧效应。与右侧发病的 PD 患者和对照组相比，左侧发病的 PD 患者在开始愤怒和快乐面部表情方面明显更慢。我们的结果表明，左侧症状发作的 PD 患者在启动三种面部表情中的两种时有更长的潜伏期，这可能反映了意向行为中的偏侧效应。与右侧发病的 PD 患者和对照组相比，左侧发病的 PD 患者在开始愤怒和快乐面部表情方面明显更慢。我们的结果表明，左侧症状发作的 PD 患者在启动三种面部表情中的两种时有更长的潜伏期，这可能反映了意向行为中的偏侧效应。