Seawater desalination which offers an abundant and reliable source of freshwater is a promising strategy to ensure water security; however, most present desalination membranes show low porosity and weak mechanical properties, and typically have an inevitable trade-off dilemma between permeate flux and salt rejection. Here, we present a unique strategy to create environmentally friendly polyurethane (PU) nanofiber membranes with desirable surface wettability, stable pore structures, and robust mechanical properties for desalination via green electrospinning technique and heat pressing treatment. The incorporation of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanoparticles and heat pressing manipulation endow the nanofiber membranes with the integrated properties of robust hydrophobicity, small pore size, and hierarchical structures by constructing micro/nano surface roughness, low energy surface, and bonding points. Strikingly, the heat pressed PU/PTFE nanofiber membranes exhibit robust mechanical strength (23.5 MPa), remarkable liquid entry pressure (79.2 kPa), and exceptional vapor permeation (3395 g m⁻² d⁻¹), achieving high permeate flux of 44 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ and salt rejection of 99.96% for seawater desalination. This work provides a powerful platform for the design and development of the next-generation nanofiber materials for various filtration and separation applications.

海水淡化提供了丰富而可靠的淡水资源，是确保水安全的一项有前景的战略；然而，大多数现有的脱盐膜表现出低孔隙率和弱机械性能，并且通常在渗透通量和脱盐率之间存在不可避免的权衡困境。在这里，我们提出了一种独特的策略，通过绿色静电纺丝技术和热压处理来制造具有理想表面润湿性、稳定的孔结构和强大的脱盐机械性能的环保聚氨酯 (PU) 纳米纤维膜。聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE) 纳米粒子的掺入和热压操作赋予纳米纤维膜强大的疏水性、小孔径、通过构建微/纳米表面粗糙度、低能表面和键合点的层次结构。引人注目的是，热压 PU/PTFE 纳米纤维膜表现出强大的机械强度 (23.5 MPa)、显着的液体进入压力 (79.2 kPa) 和出色的蒸汽渗透 (3395 g m^-2 d ^-1 )，实现了 44 kg m ^-2  h ^{-1 的}高渗透通量和 99.96% 的海水淡化脱盐率。这项工作为设计和开发用于各种过滤和分离应用的下一代纳米纤维材料提供了一个强大的平台。