This paper systematically examines the in-use energy and carbon performance of a large case study housing development in England, designed to be net true zero carbon. Remote monitoring during a one-year period was used to gather high-frequency data on dwelling heat use, grid electricity use, solar PV electricity generation and export and community heating system performance. Based on data from 74 dwellings, mean energy use of 76 kWh/m²/year and electricity use of 27.4 kWh/m²/year per dwelling placed the case study among the lowest energy housing developments in the UK. Nonetheless, heat usage and designed fabric efficiency fell short compared to other true zero carbon housing. The mean self-consumption rate of generated energy of 23% calls for the provision of home batteries. Heat usage variance was more prominent compared to findings in other studies. Based on the 2018/19 carbon factors, dwellings emitted 20.2 kgCO2e/m²/year on average, missing the zero carbon target. As found in other studies, this was attributed to the underperforming community heating system. This study comes timely in the context of the widespread calls for net zero carbon dwellings. The findings confirm the argument that the anticipated mainstreaming of zero carbon dwellings demands shifting toward an outcome-focused design approach.

本文系统地研究了英格兰一个大型案例研究住房开发的在用能源和碳性能，旨在实现真正的净零碳。一年期间的远程监测用于收集住宅热利用、电网用电、太阳能光伏发电和出口以及社区供暖系统性能的高频数据。根据 74 个住宅的数据，平均能源使用量为 76 kWh/m ² /年，电力使用量为 27.4 kWh/m ²每个住宅/年将案例研究列为英国能源最低的住宅开发项目之一。尽管如此，与其他真正的零碳住房相比，热量使用和设计的织物效率仍然不足。23% 的发电能量平均自耗率要求提供家用电池。与其他研究的结果相比，热量使用差异更为突出。根据 2018/19 碳因子，住宅排放 20.2 kgCO2e/m ²/年平均，未达到零碳目标。正如在其他研究中发现的那样，这归因于表现不佳的社区供暖系统。在广泛呼吁净零碳住宅的背景下，这项研究是及时的。调查结果证实了这样一种论点，即零碳住宅的预期主流化需要转向以结果为中心的设计方法。