Recent trends and advancement in including more diverse and heterogeneous hardware in High-Performance Computing is challenging software developers in their pursuit for good performance and numerical stability. The well-known maxim "software outlives hardware" may no longer necessarily hold true, and developers are today forced to re-factor their codebases to leverage these powerful new systems. CFD is one of the many application domains affected. In this paper, we present Neko, a portable framework for high-order spectral element flow simulations. Unlike prior works, Neko adopts a modern object-oriented approach, allowing multi-tier abstractions of the solver stack and facilitating hardware backends ranging from general-purpose processors down to exotic vector processors and FPGAs. We show that Neko's performance and accuracy are comparable to NekRS, and thus on-par with Nek5000's successor on modern CPU machines. Furthermore, we develop a performance model, which we use to discuss challenges and opportunities for high-order solvers on emerging hardware.

中文翻译：

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Neko：用于高保真计算流体动力学的现代、便携和可扩展框架

在高性能计算中包含更多样化和异构硬件的最新趋势和进步正在挑战软件开发人员追求良好的性能和数值稳定性。众所周知的格言“软件比硬件更长寿”可能不再适用，如今开发人员被迫重构他们的代码库以利用这些强大的新系统。CFD 是受影响的众多应用领域之一。在本文中，我们介绍了 Neko，一种用于高阶谱元素流模拟的便携式框架。与之前的工作不同，Neko 采用现代面向对象的方法，允许对求解器堆栈进行多层抽象，并促进从通用处理器到奇异向量处理器和 FPGA 的硬件后端。我们表明 Neko' 其性能和准确性可与 NekRS 相媲美，因此在现代 CPU 机器上与 Nek5000 的后继产品不相上下。此外，我们开发了一个性能模型，我们用它来讨论新兴硬件上高阶求解器的挑战和机遇。