What the dominant influencing factors are and how changes have occurred over different historical periods in Yellow River Basin are unclear. This study aims to retrieve the annual soil erosion modulus of the Yellow River Basin and utilizes the LMDI model and Geodetector model to identify the dominant driving factors of soil erosion evolution in different historical periods and regions at a pixel scale and landscape scale. Results showed that: (1) The serious (intensive, extreme intensive, and severe) erosion areas were mainly distributed in the Loess Plateau, while the slight and mild erosion areas were mainly distributed in the Hetao Plain, Ordos Plateau, and Guanzhong Plain; (2) During 1981-2019a, the gravity center of soil erosion moved from southwest to northeast, which indicated that the increment and increasing rate of soil erosion in the northeast of the Yellow River Basin were higher than that of the southwestern areas; (3) Increased soil erosion due to the R factor (ISER) was the most widely distributed, accounting for 79.21% of the area where soil erosion increased, while decreased soil erosion due to the C factor and R factor was the most widely distributed, accounting for 49.15% of the area where soil erosion decreased; (4) Before 2000a, precipitation, vegetation, and soil types were the dominant factors affecting the evolution pattern of soil erosion. Through the efforts of human intervention, such as returning farmland to forest or grassland, the explanatory power of land use change in the evolution pattern of soil erosion has increased.

黄河流域的主要影响因素是什么，在不同历史时期发生了怎样的变化，目前尚不清楚。本研究旨在反演黄河流域年土壤侵蚀模数，利用LMDI模型和Geodetector模型，在像素尺度和景观尺度上识别不同历史时期和地区土壤侵蚀演变的主导驱动因素。结果表明：（1）严重（密集、极强、重度）侵蚀区主要分布在黄土高原，轻度和轻度侵蚀区主要分布在河套平原、鄂尔多斯高原和关中平原；(2) 1981-2019a期间，土壤侵蚀重心由西南向东北移动，说明黄河流域东北部水土流失增量和增长率高于西南地区；(3)R因子(ISER)引起的土壤侵蚀增加分布最广，占土壤侵蚀增加面积的79.21%，而C因子和R因子引起的土壤侵蚀减少分布最广，占水土流失减少面积的49.15%；(4) 2000a以前，降水、植被和土壤类型是影响土壤侵蚀演变格局的主导因素。通过退耕还林还草等人为干预的努力，土地利用变化对水土流失演变格局的解释力增强。