Technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material (TENORM) is gaining notoriety in the public sector, as the oil and gas industry looks for disposal locations for its slightly radioactive waste streams. Due in part to both the lack of federal regulations on the disposal of TENORM and the lack of permitted landfills that are designated for TENORM waste, occasionally it ends up being unknowingly placed in municipal landfills. It was alleged that a municipal landfill in Kentucky accepted 1.05 × 106 kg of TENORM over approximately 8 mo starting in July 2015. This matter is still in litigation, and many facts, including whether the material in question actually constituted TENORM, are still in dispute. The authors had no means available to independently verify the actual composition of the material. Therefore, for purposes of this article only, we assume that the material in question did constitute TENORM. This qualification allows us to evaluate potential doses while respecting the litigation process. Doses from the disposals and for two remediation alternatives, (1) closure-in-place and monitoring and (2) excavation and redisposition of waste, were evaluated, taking into consideration the landfill construction, local geology and hydrology, meteorology, background radiation, population distribution, and current and future land uses. This study outlines appropriate methods for calculating doses to potential receptors for a variety of exposure pathways that are broadly applicable to municipal or chemical/hazardous waste landfills. As this study demonstrates, doses to landfill workers and members of the public are low, both during the disposal and for the remediation alternatives evaluated, and well below regulatory limits. Removal of the materials does not reduce present day doses, and it presents other risks that outweigh any benefit from the long-term dose reduction.

中文翻译：

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垃圾填埋场中技术增强的天然放射性物质处置的剂量评估。

随着石油和天然气行业为其微放射性废物流寻找处置地点，技术增强的天然放射性物质 (TENORM) 在公共部门中越来越臭名昭著。部分原因是缺乏关于 TENORM 处置的联邦法规，并且缺乏指定用于 TENORM 废物的许可垃圾填埋场，有时它最终会在不知不觉中被放入市政垃圾填埋场。据称，肯塔基州的一个市政垃圾填埋场从 2015 年 7 月开始，在大约 8 个月的时间里接收了 1.05 × 106 公斤的 TENORM。此事仍在诉讼中，许多事实，包括相关材料是否真正构成 TENORM，仍存在争议。 。作者无法独立验证该材料的实际成分。因此，仅就本文而言，我们假设相关材料确实构成了 TENORM。这一资格使我们能够在尊重诉讼程序的同时评估潜在剂量。考虑到垃圾填埋场建设、当地地质和水文、气象、背景辐射、人口分布以及当前和未来的土地利用。本研究概述了计算广泛适用于市政或化学/危险废物填埋场的各种暴露途径的潜在受体剂量的适当方法。正如这项研究表明，垃圾填埋场工人和公众的剂量在处置过程中和评估的补救方案中都较低，并且远低于监管限值。去除这些材料并不会减少当前的剂量，而且它带来的其他风险超过了长期剂量减少带来的任何好处。