Roads to Reference: An Essay on Reference Fixing in Natural Language by Mario Gómez-Torrente provides an ample attack against certain more recent variants of descriptivism in the theory of reference. The book discusses a wide variety of expressions, but the focus of this short note is on proper names and natural kind terms. In the case of proper names, indeterminacy plays an important role in Gómez-Torrente’s critical argument. Some questions related to it are raised. As to natural kind terms, the differences between ordinary kind terms and (proto-) scientific kind terms are discussed, and the somewhat ignored relevance of reference borrowing for natural kind terms is emphasized.

Roads to Reference: An Essay on Reference Fixing in Natural Language by Mario Gómez-Torrente 对参考理论中某些较新的描述主义变体进行了充分的攻击。这本书讨论了各种各样的表达方式，但这个简短的注释的重点是专有名词和自然种类术语。在专有名词的情况下，不确定性在 Gómez-Torrente 的批判性论证中起着重要作用。提出了一些与之相关的问题。对于自然类词，讨论了普通类词与（原）科学类词的区别，强调了自然类词引用借用的相关性稍显被忽视。