ABSTRACT

Gender disparity in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) in higher education is a matter of concern across the world. Expansion of the higher education sector in the early twenty-first century in India has enabled to bring attitudinal changes in Indian families especially towards females’ STEM higher education. The present study aims to understand the trend in gender parity in STEM disciplines at various levels of higher education in India through All India Survey on Higher Education, Government of India (2010-2011 to 2018-2019). The study uses the Gender Parity Index (GPI) method to calculate the status of female in STEM higher education. The results show that there is gender parity in overall disciplines at under-graduation, post-graduation, and M.Phil. levels. In STEM disciplines, enrolment of female is higher than male in biological sciences at all levels, but physical sciences show lower enrolment of female. Computer engineering, information technology, and electronics engineering have shown improvement in enrolment of female within the engineering and technology category. Gender parity is poor in mechanical engineering, civil engineering, and electrical engineering at all levels of higher education. The complex and multi-layered gender relations in wider society impact females’ access to STEM higher education and employment.

摘要

高等教育中科学、技术、工程和数学 (STEM) 方面的性别差异是全世界关注的问题。21 世纪初印度高等教育部门的扩张使印度家庭的态度发生了变化，尤其是对女性 STEM 高等教育的态度。本研究旨在通过印度政府的全印度高等教育调查（2010-2011 年至 2018-2019 年）了解印度各级高等教育 STEM 学科的性别均等趋势。该研究使用性别均等指数 (GPI) 方法来计算女性在 STEM 高等教育中的地位。结果表明，本科、研究生和 M.Phil 的整体学科存在性别均等。水平。在 STEM 学科中，在所有级别的生物科学中，女性的入学率都高于男性，但物理科学的女性入学率较低。计算机工程、信息技术和电子工程在工程和技术类别中的女性入学率有所提高。在各级高等教育中，机械工程、土木工程和电气工程的性别均等很差。更广泛社会中复杂和多层次的性别关系影响女性接受 STEM 高等教育和就业的机会。在各级高等教育中，机械工程、土木工程和电气工程的性别均等很差。更广泛社会中复杂和多层次的性别关系影响女性接受 STEM 高等教育和就业的机会。在各级高等教育中，机械工程、土木工程和电气工程的性别均等很差。更广泛社会中复杂和多层次的性别关系影响女性接受 STEM 高等教育和就业的机会。