The relationship between memory and history, which has preoccupied historiography and the philosophy of history since the middle of the nineteenth century, took a particular course in France at the end of the millennium. The forms this relationship took in this particular context have been the subject of heated debate around whether the reconstruction of the past should bear the sign of a moral imperative or, on the contrary, it should be kept away from any moral conditioning. To address this question and underline its particular relevance to the present, I will revisit a significant debate, based around Paul Ricoeur’s interpretation of the duty of memory developed in his book Memory, History, Forgetting. I will do this by means of a three-step approach. First, a short introduction will provide several guidelines for understanding the issues at stake in the debate in which Ricoeur was caught and explanations regarding the significance of the main notions around which the discussions took place, i.e., the duty and work of memory. Second, I will identify how historical debates, political decisions and civic concerns about the past gradually coagulated into two different “camps” in France during the 1980s and 1990s, i.e., the advocates of memory against those of history, foreshadowing the emergence of a historiographical crisis, the stakes of which I will analyse in detail. Finally, I will show how Ricoeur’s solution to this debate, i.e., an incomplete dialectic between the duty and the work of memory, developed on the horizon of justice, continues to have relevance for the present, being an innovative form of “defatalizing” the past.

记忆与历史之间的关系自 19 世纪中叶以来一直专注于史学和历史哲学，在千禧年末在法国成为一门特殊的课程。这种关系在这种特定背景下所采取的形式一直是围绕过去的重建是否应该带有道德命令的标志，或者相反，它应该远离任何道德条件的激烈辩论的主题。为了解决这个问题并强调它与现在的特殊关系，我将重新审视一场重要的辩论，该辩论基于保罗·利科 (Paul Ricoeur) 在其著作《记忆、历史、遗忘》中对记忆责任的解释。. 我将通过三步法来做到这一点。首先，一个简短的介绍将提供一些指导方针，用于理解利科被抓到的辩论中的利害关系问题，并解释了围绕进行讨论的主要概念的重要性，即记忆的责任和工作。其次，我将确定历史争论、政治决策和对过去的公民关注如何在 1980 年代和 1990 年代逐渐凝聚为法国的两个不同“阵营”，即记忆的拥护者与历史的拥护者，预示着历史编纂学的出现。危机，我将详细分析其中的利害关系。最后，我将展示利科对这场辩论的解决方案，即责任与记忆工作之间的不完整辩证法，是如何在正义的地平线上发展起来的，