To analyse or experience history, to argue or narrate it, two approaches define and explain the phenomenon of thinking about history. In recent decades, thinking about history has become especially relevant because of its relationship with citizenship, either to evaluate evidence of the past or to guide present and future action. The contributions of psychology are diverse and come from traditions that refer to apparently antagonistic psychological processes, such as narrative and argumentation. The objective of this article is to address this discussion from a cultural–historical approach, specifically Vygotskian. We propose that argumentation and narrative are psychological processes that can be developed separately in ontogeny. Both processes, under certain conditions and socially mediated action, are stressed and articulated to give way to historical thinking, a higher psychological process.

分析或体验历史，争论或叙述历史，两种方法定义和解释了思考历史的现象。近几十年来，思考历史变得特别重要，因为它与公民身份的关系，无论是评估过去的证据还是指导现在和未来的行动。心理学的贡献是多种多样的，并且来自涉及明显对立的心理过程的传统，例如叙事和论证。本文的目的是从文化-历史的方法，特别是维果斯基的方法来解决这个讨论。我们建议论证和叙述是可以在个体发育中单独发展的心理过程。这两个过程，在某些条件下和社会中介的行动下，