To improve HSPF hydrological and water quality simulation, a new SVM surrogate modeling method was investigated and a comprehensive framework for hydrological parameter sensitivity, optimization and uncertainty analysis was established for Qinglong River watershed, Hebei Province, China. SVM surrogate model was set up based on pairs of parameter sets and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients. It was concluded that: (1) SVM surrogate model performs well in both reliability and efficiency. (2) Sensitivity of eleven parameters was evaluated: AGWRC is extremely sensitive parameters, AGWETP, DEEPFR, BASETP are sensitive parameters and UZSN, LZSN, LZETP, INTFW, CEPSC, IRC, INFILT are not influential parameters. (3) Recommended parameter intervals were: LZSN [2.0,5.82], INFILT [0.21,0.47], AGWRC [0.85,0.87], DEEPFR [0.001,0.17], BASETP [0.001,0.09], AGWETP [0.0011,0.13], CEPSC [0.01,0.29], UZSN [0.05,1.20], IRC [0.3,0.62], LZETP [0.34,0.85], INTFW [1.0,5.77] and the optima were obtained respectively. (4) Posterior distributions of eleven parameters were obtained.