The tragic killing of George Floyd at the hands of the police resulted in hundreds of thousands of protestors marching in the streets demanding change. The call for change criticized the killing of Blacks by law enforcement and challenged White supremacy as an institution of social control and racial violence. A key component of the marches and protests was a message to the residents of the United States: “Black Lives Matter.” As society grapples with a reckoning, researchers studying police violence for the past 6 decades have been empirically and theoretically debating the reasons why use of force by law enforcement continues to have a higher proportion of Black and Brown victims compared to Whites. Although the research on fatal police killings was studied by only a small number of individuals prior to 2014, after the killing of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri the research in different areas of the country increased rapidly as did the forms of analysis and research disciplines making their own contributions. The Washington Post and Guardian news agencies established that deaths at the hands of the police were occurring for at least 900 to 1100 individual deaths per year for which firearms resulted in the greatest cause of death. As US government agencies failed to produce a national data source on police involved killings, the media took a leading role in providing greater national understanding. The authors examine what role academic researchers contribute to the discussion for solutions, particularly those from marginalized backgrounds. As protestors march, lawyers sue and defend, and politicians create new forms of legislation, researchers need to play a more important role initiating critical studies, making sense of the data, and providing a theoretical framework for which police violence can be understood. This article will provide an overview of the literature on racialized police violence, point out key patterns involving racial and ethnic disparities, and emphasize how researchers can play a more important role in advocating for change.

中文翻译：

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警察暴力的种族化模式：研究作为实践的关键重要性

乔治·弗洛伊德 (George Floyd) 在警察手中惨遭杀害，导致数十万抗议者走上街头，要求改变。变革呼吁批评执法部门杀害黑人，并挑战作为社会控制和种族暴力机构的白人至上。游行和抗议活动的一个关键组成部分是向美国居民传达的信息：“黑人的命也是命”。随着社会努力进行清算，过去 6 年研究警察暴力的研究人员一直在经验和理论上辩论为什么执法部门使用武力的黑人和棕色人种受害者比例仍然高于白人。虽然在 2014 年之前只有少数人研究了警察致死的研究，迈克尔·布朗在密苏里州弗格森被杀后，全国不同地区的研究迅速增加，分析形式和研究学科也做出了自己的贡献。这华盛顿邮报和卫报新闻机构证实，每年至少有 900 至 1100 人死于警察之手，其中枪支是最大的死因。由于美国政府机构未能提供有关警察杀人事件的全国数据来源，媒体在提供更多全国了解方面发挥了主导作用。作者研究了学术研究人员在解决方案讨论中的作用，尤其是那些来自边缘化背景的研究人员。随着抗议者游行、律师起诉和辩护以及政治家制定新的立法形式，研究人员需要发挥更重要的作用，启动批判性研究、理解数据并提供可以理解警察暴力的理论框架。