Research indicates heightened risk for financial, psychological, and emotional strain among immigrant families. Studies that examine the family stress model in concert with unique stressors associated with immigrant adjustment, such as community integration, are limited. Using a longitudinal framework, this study applied the family stress model on a sample of first-generation immigrant mothers ( = 831) to examine whether financial hardship and neighborhood cohesion impacted children’s externalizing behaviors via maternal depression and harsh parenting. Data came from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Financial hardship (OR = 1.36, < .001) and neighborhood cohesion (OR = 0.65, = .004) both predicted maternal depression. Maternal depression was not associated with harsh parenting (OR = 2.05, = .259). Harsh parenting was not associated with child externalizing behaviors ( = 0.04, SE = 0.02, = .363).Financial hardship (indirect effect: = 0.22, SE = 0.06, < .001) and neighborhood cohesion (indirect effect: = -0.18, SE = 0.07, = .007) predicted child externalizing behaviors via maternal depression. Findings suggest that interventions need to address economic, social environments, and parental mental health in efforts to reduce risk of developing problem behaviors among children of immigrants.

中文翻译：

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经济困难、邻里凝聚力和儿童外化行为：移民母亲家庭压力模型的延伸

研究表明，移民家庭面临经济、心理和情感压力的风险更高。将家庭压力模型与与移民适应（​​例如社区融合）相关的独特压力源结合起来的研究是有限的。本研究使用纵向框架，将家庭压力模型应用于第一代移民母亲样本（= 831），以检验经济困难和邻里凝聚力是否通过母亲抑郁和严厉的养育方式影响儿童的外化行为。数据来自脆弱家庭和儿童福祉研究。经济困难 (OR = 1.36, < .001) 和邻里凝聚力 (OR = 0.65, = .004) 都可以预测母亲抑郁症。母亲抑郁症与严厉的养育方式无关（OR = 2.05，= .259）。严厉的养育方式与儿童外化行为无关（= 0.04，SE = 0.02，= .363）。经济困难（间接影响：= 0.22，SE = 0.06，< .001）和邻里凝聚力（间接影响：= -0.18， SE = 0.07, = .007) 通过母亲抑郁预测儿童外化行为。研究结果表明，干预措施需要解决经济、社会环境和父母心理健康问题，以努力降低移民儿童出现问题行为的风险。