Unstabilized nitrogen-containing silicon steel 03Kh18N13S2AM2VFBR-Sh (EP 302M-Sh), intended for heat exchanger tubes operating in contact with heavy liquid-metal coolants and water at temperatures of 350 to 550°С, is prone to prolonged thermal aging and sensitization, initiating local metal corrosion in water at 350°С. Changes in the chemical composition of steel and the production of pilot batches of heat exchanger tubes did not lead to an increase in their thermal stability. One of the reasons for this is the factor of nitrogen solubility in austenite, which was neglected during the development of chemical compositions of metal. The principles of alloying and the conceptual chemical composition of unstabilized austenitic steel (EP 302M1-Sh), not prone to thermal aging and sensitization at a temperature of 350°С, have been developed, which excludes the possibility of local corrosion of the heat exchanger tubes during long-term operation in water. A 25% increase in yield point at 350°С compared to steel 08Kh18N10T and the absence of susceptibility to pitting, crevice, and hideout corrosion make thermally stable steel the preferred candidate material for producing heat exchanger tubes for innovative water-cooled power reactors. A possibility of creating economically alloyed austenitic steel, characterized by thermal stability at 350 to 550°С and corrosion resistance in liquid-metal coolants and supercritical steam-water medium, is shown.

不稳定的含氮硅钢 03Kh18N13S2AM2VFBR-Sh (EP 302M-Sh)，用于与重液态金属冷却剂和温度为 350 至 550°С 的水接触的热交换器管，易于长期热老化和敏化，在 350°С 的水中引发局部金属腐蚀。钢材化学成分的变化和换热器管中试批次的生产并没有导致其热稳定性的增加。造成这种情况的原因之一是奥氏体中氮溶解度的因素，在金属化学成分的发展过程中忽略了这一因素。合金化原理和不稳定奥氏体钢 (EP 302M1-Sh) 在 350°С 温度下不易热老化和敏化的原理和化学成分已被开发出来，这排除了换热器管在水中长期运行时局部腐蚀的可能性。与钢 08Kh18N10T 相比，在 350°С 时的屈服点提高了 25%，并且没有点蚀、缝隙腐蚀和隐蔽腐蚀的敏感性，使热稳定钢成为生产创新水冷动力反应堆换热器管的首选候选材料。展示了生产经济合金奥氏体钢的可能性，该钢的特点是在 350 至 550°С 下具有热稳定性，并且在液态金属冷却剂和超临界蒸汽-水介质中具有耐腐蚀性。和隐藏腐蚀使热稳定钢成为生产创新型水冷动力反应堆换热器管的首选材料。展示了生产经济合金奥氏体钢的可能性，该钢的特点是在 350 至 550°С 下具有热稳定性，并且在液态金属冷却剂和超临界蒸汽-水介质中具有耐腐蚀性。和隐藏腐蚀使热稳定钢成为生产创新型水冷动力反应堆换热器管的首选材料。展示了生产经济合金奥氏体钢的可能性，该钢的特点是在 350 至 550°С 下具有热稳定性，并且在液态金属冷却剂和超临界蒸汽-水介质中具有耐腐蚀性。