For almost three years, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has been granting citizens of the European Union the right to obtain personal data from companies and to transfer these data to another company. The so-called Right to Data Portability (RtDP) promises to significantly reduce switching costs for consumers in digital service markets, provided that its potential is effectively translated into reality. Thus, of all the consumer rights in the GDPR, the RtDP has the potential to be the one with the most significant implications for digital markets and privacy. However, our research shows that the RtDP is barely known among consumers and can currently only be implemented in a fragmented manner—especially with regard to the direct transfer of data between online service providers. We discuss several ways to improve the implementation of this right in the present article.

近三年来，《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 一直授予欧盟公民从公司获取个人数据并将这些数据传输给另一家公司的权利。所谓的数据可移植性权利 (RtDP) 有望显着降低数字服务市场中消费者的转换成本，前提是其潜力能够有效地转化为现实。因此，在 GDPR 中的所有消费者权利中，RtDP 有可能成为对数字市场和隐私影响最大的权利。然而，我们的研究表明，消费者几乎不知道 RtDP，目前只能以零散的方式实施——尤其是在在线服务提供商之间直接传输数据方面。