Abstract

Objectives: Older adults are one of the most vulnerable age groups to the social distance measures imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess factors associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms in Brazilian older adults during the pandemic.

Method: This cross-sectional online study assessed 380 older adults (over 60 years of age) living in Brazil, from 26th May 2020 Liu, C. H., Zhang, E., Wong, G. T. F., Hyun, S., & Hahm, H. (2020). Factors associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptomatology during the COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical implications for U.S. young adult mental health. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113172[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] to 29th June 2020 Liu, C. H., Zhang, E., Wong, G. T. F., Hyun, S., & Hahm, H. (2020). Factors associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptomatology during the COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical implications for U.S. young adult mental health. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113172[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]. A self-reported questionnaire included sociodemographic data, lifestyle, health characteristics, and the COVID-19 related variables. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) were also applied. Data were analyzed via logistic regression models, using a hierarchical approach.

Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms according to GDS was 28.7% (95% CI = 24.4%, 33.4%) and the prevalence of anxiety symptoms according to GAI was 26.1% (95% CI = 21.9%, 30.7%). Physically inactive older adults, the ones who were in social isolation for more days, feel much vulnerable to contracting COVID-19, and never or almost never receive support from family/friends were more likely to have depressive symptoms. Being female, physically inactive or physically active 1–3 times/week, feel very vulnerable to contracting COVID-19 and never or almost never receive support from family/friends were associated with the anxiety symptoms.

Conclusion: A high prevalence of depressive and anxious symptoms was identified in Brazilian older adults. The data can help in planning interventions aimed at older adults, also including their families, health professionals, and the whole society.

摘要

目标：老年人是 COVID-19 大流行实施的社交距离措施中最脆弱的年龄组之一。本研究旨在评估大流行期间与巴西老年人抑郁和焦虑症状相关的因素。

方法：这项横断面在线研究评估了自2020 年5 月 26 日起居住在巴西的 380 名老年人（60 岁以上） Liu, CH , Zhang, E. , Wong, GTF , Hyun, S. , & Hahm, H. ( 2020 )。COVID-19 大流行期间与抑郁、焦虑和 PTSD 症状相关的因素：对美国年轻成人心理健康的临床意义。精神病学研究，290，113172 。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113172 [Crossref]、[PubMed]、[Web of Science®]、 [Google Scholar]至2020 年6 月 29 日 Liu, CH , Zhang, E. , Wong, GTF , Hyun, S. , & Hahm, H. ( 2020 )。COVID-19 大流行期间与抑郁、焦虑和 PTSD 症状相关的因素：对美国年轻成人心理健康的临床意义。精神病学研究，290，113172 。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113172 [Crossref]、[PubMed]、[Web of Science®]、 [Google Scholar]. 一份自我报告的问卷包括社会人口学数据、生活方式、健康特征和 COVID-19 相关变量。还应用了老年抑郁量表（GDS）和老年焦虑量表（GAI）。使用分层方法通过逻辑回归模型分析数据。

结果：根据 GDS，抑郁症状的患病率为 28.7%（95% CI = 24.4%，33.4%），根据 GAI，焦虑症状的患病率为 26.1%（95% CI = 21.9%，30.7%）。身体不活跃的老年人，那些在社会隔离中更长时间的人，感觉很容易感染 COVID-19，从来没有或几乎从来没有得到家人/朋友的支持，更有可能出现抑郁症状。作为女性，每周不运动或运动 1-3 次，感觉非常容易感染 COVID-19，并且从未或几乎从未获得与焦虑症状相关的家人/朋友的支持。

结论：在巴西老年人中发现了高患病率的抑郁和焦虑症状。这些数据可以帮助规划针对老年人的干预措施，包括他们的家人、卫生专业人员和整个社会。