Bio-mimicked GTR/GBR membranes with hierarchical structured surfaces were developed by direct and indirect replication of teak leaf surface. The membranes were fabricated using solvent casting method with customized templates. The surfaces obtained were those with micro-trichomes (MTS) and micro-depression (MDS) that resembled a whorling pattern. Structural details of the fabricated membrane surfaces were studied under stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy. Surface roughness, water wetting angle, water uptake, and degradation properties of the membranes were examined. The effects of the micro-patterned hierarchical structure on in vitro bioactivities of human osteoblast-like cells (MG63) and human gingival fibroblast cells HGF1-RT1 were studied. In vivo study carried out on rat skulls to assess the response of surrounding tissues for 4 weeks showed that the bio-mimicked MTS and MDS membrane surfaces enhanced the cell proliferation. The proliferation significantly increased with increasing surface roughness and decreasing contact angle. There was also an evidence of rapid new bone maturation with membranes with MTS. It is thus suggested that the teak leaf mimicked whorling patterned hierarchical structured surface is an important design for enhancing bioactivity.

中文翻译：

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具有从柚木叶复制的分层结构化表面的仿生引导组织再生/引导骨再生膜表现出增强的生物活性

通过直接和间接复制柚木叶表面，开发了具有层次结构表面的仿生 GTR/GBR 膜。使用定制模板的溶剂浇铸方法制造膜。获得的表面是那些具有类似于旋涡图案的微毛状体 (MTS) 和微凹陷 (MDS) 的表面。在立体显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下研究了制造的膜表面的结构细节。检查了膜的表面粗糙度、水润湿角、吸水率和降解性能。研究了微图案层次结构对人成骨细胞样细胞（MG63）和人牙龈成纤维细胞HGF1-RT1体外生物活性的影响。在大鼠头骨上进行的为期 4 周的用于评估周围组织反应的体内研究表明，仿生的 MTS 和 MDS 膜表面增强了细胞增殖。随着表面粗糙度的增加和接触角的减小，增殖显着增加。也有证据表明使用 MTS 的膜使新骨快速成熟。因此表明，柚木叶模拟旋涡图案分层结构化表面是增强生物活性的重要设计。