ABSTRACT

The paper presents the outcome of research into the unique character of public places in rural areas and the importance of different types of places for the local community. A complex methodology was used, including expert research, interviews and surveys, on the basis of which seven qualities defining the vitality of a place and three features defining the meaning of a place were assessed. Research was conducted in four villages representative of eastern Poland. The obtained results prove that each village, regardless of its size, rank, function and development, has public places important for residents. The distinguishing features of rural public places are spontaneity, informality and a close involvement of residents in their formation. The most essential are still multifunctional village squares (boasting high vitality) with shops fulfilling the key role of the main centres of social activity in the country. However, everyday and central places are losing their prominent position in favour of recreational spaces (with high vitality and meaning). Semi-natural places (high meaning), characteristic of rural areas, have proved to be very important because they often combine private ownership with freedom of access and bottom-up forms of development.

摘要

本文介绍了对农村地区公共场所的独特性以及不同类型场所对当地社区的重要性的研究结果。使用了一种复杂的方法，包括专家研究、访谈和调查，在此基础上评估了定义一个地方活力的七种品质和定义一个地方意义的三个特征。在代表波兰东部的四个村庄进行了研究。所得结果证明，每个村庄，无论其大小、等级、功能和发展程度，都有对居民重要的公共场所。农村公共场所的显着特点是自发性、非正式性和居民的密切参与。最重要的仍然是多功能的乡村广场（拥有高活力），商店在该国的主要社会活动中心发挥着关键作用。然而，日常和中心场所正在失去其突出的地位，取而代之的是休闲空间（具有高活力和意义）。农村地区特有的半自然场所（高级含义）已被证明非常重要，因为它们经常将私有制与进入自由和自下而上的发展形式结合起来。