The inner surface of a narrow steel tube was coated with a very thick graphene-based (Gr-like) layer by biasing the tube in a Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation and Deposition (PIII&D) process. The outcomes indicate that a multilayer graphene film was grown in well-aligned columnar structures, showing a typical cauliflower-like character. Local gas feeding was found not only to overcome the discharge breakdown in such a small tube, but it additionally leads to a completely different supply of carbon species. In this sense, Gr-like coated tubes could extend the applicability of PIII&D process to attend other engineered applications.

中文翻译：

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通过偏置空心阴极放电制备类石墨烯涂层钢管

通过在等离子体浸入离子注入和沉积 (PIII&D) 工艺中偏置管子，窄钢管的内表面涂有非常厚的石墨烯基（类 Gr）层。结果表明，多层石墨烯薄膜生长在排列良好的柱状结构中，显示出典型的花椰菜状特征。发现局部气体进料不仅可以克服这种小管中的放电击穿，而且还导致完全不同的碳物种供应。从这个意义上说，类 Gr 涂层管可以将 PIII&D 工艺的适用性扩展到其他工程应用。