This study examines how East Asian countries have responded to the challenges that the trade–environment nexus presents. A total of 85 free trade agreements (FTAs) concluded by 15 East Asian economies are analyzed by using ordered logistic regression and generalized ordered logistic regression techniques. The results show that East Asian countries incorporate strong and specific environmental provisions in their bilateral FTAs when they share concern about environmental issues. These findings reject the view that East Asian countries have adhered to collective ideas that favor weaker and ill-defined environmental commitments related to trade. It is notable that environmentally conscious East Asian countries have responded positively to trade–environment linkages with like-minded partners. Meanwhile, the results partially support the conventional view that an environmentally conscious big country can bully environmentally less conscious small countries into making strong and specific environmental concessions.

中文翻译：

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在自由贸易协定中将环境与贸易联系起来的东亚方式

本研究考察了东亚国家如何应对贸易-环境关系带来的挑战。采用有序逻辑回归和广义有序逻辑回归技术对东亚15个经济体签订的85个自由贸易协定（FTA）进行了分析。结果表明，东亚国家在共同关注环境问题时，在双边自由贸易协定中纳入了强有力和具体的环境条款。这些发现驳斥了东亚国家坚持集体观念的观点，这些观念偏向于与贸易相关的较弱和不明确的环境承诺。值得注意的是，具有环保意识的东亚国家与志同道合的伙伴对贸易与环境的联系做出了积极回应。同时，