This article examines the transnational ties between the Italian revolutionary left and Palestinian militants from the mid-1960s through the early 1980s. Some observers have cited these connections to explain the magnitude of Italian terrorism in the 1970s and early 1980s. However, in the absence of empirical research, the issue has remained murky. The archival sources and detailed interviews with protagonists used in the article shed light on this phenomenon by addressing four questions: first, the reception of the Palestinian cause within the Italian revolutionary left; second, the way Palestinian terrorist groups established roots in Italy and how the political context facilitated those efforts; third, the interactions between Italian and Palestinian militants both in Italy and in the Middle East; and fourth, the factors that strengthened or weakened the relationships between these entities. The evidence indicates that although Italian revolutionaries forged concrete ties with Palestinian militants and terrorists, these ties were not as extensively developed as some of the Italian leftists had hoped. The interactions encouraged radicalization but did not significantly foster violent escalation and terrorism in Italy.

中文翻译：

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冷战期间意大利革命左翼与巴勒斯坦激进分子的跨国关系

本文考察了 1960 年代中期到 1980 年代初期意大利革命左翼与巴勒斯坦激进分子之间的跨国联系。一些观察家引用这些联系来解释 1970 年代和 1980 年代初期意大利恐怖主义的严重程度。然而，在缺乏实证研究的情况下，这个问题仍然模糊不清。文章中使用的档案资料和对主角的详细采访通过解决四个问题阐明了这一现象：第一，意大利革命左翼对巴勒斯坦事业的接受；第二，巴勒斯坦恐怖组织在意大利扎根的方式以及政治背景如何促进这些努力；第三，意大利和中东的意大利和巴勒斯坦武装分子之间的互动；第四，加强或削弱这些实体之间关系的因素。证据表明，尽管意大利革命者与巴勒斯坦激进分子和恐怖分子建立了具体的联系，但这些联系并没有像一些意大利左翼分子所希望的那样广泛发展。这些互动鼓励了激进化，但并未显着助长意大利的暴力升级和恐怖主义。