Background: Dyslipidaemia is prevalent in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and can worsen the presentation of chronic complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of dyslipidaemia in children living with diabetes followed up at a paediatric endocrine clinic in southern Nigeria and to identify associations with demographic and clinical characteristics. Methods: The study is a cross-sectional, descriptive study of 22 children with diabetes followed up in a tertiary health care facility in southern Nigeria. Demographic data were retrieved from case files, and fasting lipid profile and HbA1c levels were determined for all subjects. Lipid abnormalities were defined based on the Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents. Results: Twenty-two subjects aged 7–18 years were studied (mean age: 14.94 ± 3.59 years). There were 12 (54.5%) females. Both genders were comparable regarding age (p = 0.95). Mean duration of diabetes was 3.37 ± 2.38 years. Prevalence of lipid abnormalities include: hypertriglyceridaemia (86.4%), hypercholesterolemia (22.7%), abnormal HDL-C (36.4%), high LDL-C (13.6%), and non-HDL-C (22.7%). Hypercholesterolaemia was significantly higher in females (p = 0.02), and prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia was higher in subjects ≥12 years (p = 0.019). There was no statistically significant difference in mean levels of various lipids between males and females. Six (27.3%) subjects had more than one lipid abnormality. There was no statistically significant association of lipid abnormalities with age, sex, weight category, and HbA1c level. Conclusion: The commonest lipid abnormality was hypertriglyceridaemia. About a quarter of the subjects had more than 1 lipid abnormality. Programs should therefore be targeted at improved control of glycemia and lipid levels to delay and prevent chronic complications.

中文翻译：

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尼日利亚儿童和青少年糖尿病的血脂异常：患病率和相关危险因素

背景：血脂异常在患有 1 型糖尿病的儿童和青少年中很普遍，并且会加重慢性并发症的表现，如肾病、视网膜病和神经病。本研究的目的是确定在尼日利亚南部一家儿科内分泌诊所随访的糖尿病儿童血脂异常的频率，并确定与人口统计学和临床​​特征的关联。方法：该研究是一项横断面、描述性研究，对 22 名在尼日利亚南部三级卫生保健机构随访的糖尿病儿童进行了随访。从病例文件中检索人口统计学数据，并确定所有受试者的空腹血脂和 HbA1c 水平。脂质异常的定义是基于降低儿童和青少年心血管健康风险综合指南的专家小组。结果：研究了 22 名 7-18 岁的受试者（平均年龄：14.94 ± 3.59 岁）。有 12 名 (54.5%) 女性。两性在年龄方面具有可比性（p = 0.95）。糖尿病的平均持续时间为 3.37 ± 2.38 年。脂质异常的患病率包括：高甘油三酯血症 (86.4%)、高胆固醇血症 (22.7%)、异常 HDL-C (36.4%)、高 LDL-C (13.6%) 和非 HDL-C (22.7%)。女性的高胆固醇血症显着更高（p = 0.02），≥12 岁的受试者高甘油三酯血症的患病率更高（p = 0.019）。男性和女性之间各种脂质的平均水平没有统计学上的显着差异。六 (27. 3%) 受试者有不止一种脂质异常。血脂异常与年龄、性别、体重类别和 HbA1c 水平之间没有统计学上的显着关联。结论：最常见的脂质异常是高甘油三酯血症。大约四分之一的受试者有超过 1 个脂质异常。因此，计划应针对改善血糖和血脂水平的控制，以延迟和预防慢性并发症。