Background: Controversy still surrounds the choice of screening methods for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Updated guidelines on hyperglycemias in pregnancy, recognizes 2 categories; Diabetes in pregnancy or pre-gestational diabetes and GDM. Early screening and diagnosis of GDM prevents maternal and fetal adverse outcomes. Study Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of GDM and associated risk factors in a population of pregnant women in Enugu, South East Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study was cross sectional and descriptive. All pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic were eligible for the study. A risk factor assessment questionnaire was administered. The one step universal screening with 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was used. The results were tabulated and categorized according to the World Health Organization (2013) Diagnostic Criteria. Statistical analysis was by SPSS version 21. Result: A total of 205 women were initially screened. Risk factors for GDM were identified in up to third of the subjects. They were aged 15–41 years (28.6 ± 4.9 years). OGTT was performed in 142 of the subjects (who came fasting). Gestational age was 8–40 weeks (28.5 ± 7.3); gravidity, 1–9 (2.4 ± 1.5); parity, 0–4 (1.3 ± 1.4); miscarriages, 0–5; and live births, 0–5. Blood glucose levels were 60–145 mg/dL (85.5 ± 12.5) fasting; 77–229 mg/dL (131.8 ± 27.2) at 1 h and 72–223 mg/dL (123.1 ± 25.0) at 2 h post glucose load. The WHO (2013) criteria for GDM were met in 51 subjects (35.9%), WHO 1999 in 29 (20.4%); IAPDSG/American Diabetes Association in 54 (38%); NICE in 44 (31%) and DIPSI in 25 (17.6%). Three subjects had diabetes in pregnancy. Previous miscarriages and macrosomic babies, family history of diabetes mellitus, previous GDM, hypertension and recurrent urinary tract infection were found to be significant risk factors for the development of GDM. Conclusion: The study highlights the high prevalence of GDM in our local population. At every level, screening and management of GDM should be incorporated as a routine antenatal service.

中文翻译：

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使用最新诊断指南的尼日利亚东南部妊娠糖尿病患病率

背景：关于妊娠糖尿病 (GDM) 筛查方法的选择仍存在争议。更新了妊娠期高血糖指南，确认了 2 类；妊娠糖尿病或妊娠前糖尿病和 GDM。GDM 的早期筛查和诊断可防止母体和胎儿的不良结局。研究目的：该研究的目的是确定尼日利亚东南部埃努古孕妇人群中 GDM 的患病率和相关危险因素。材料和方法：该研究是横断面和描述性的。所有参加产前诊所的孕妇都有资格参加这项研究。进行了风险因素评估问卷。使用 75 g 口服葡萄糖耐量试验的一步普遍筛查。根据世界卫生组织 (2013) 诊断标准对结果进行列表和分类。统计分析采用SPSS 21版。 结果：初步筛选了205名女性。在多达三分之一的受试者中确定了 GDM 的危险因素。他们的年龄为 15-41 岁（28.6 ± 4.9 岁）。OGTT 对 142 名受试者（他们禁食）进行了检查。胎龄为 8-40 周 (28.5 ± 7.3)；重力，1–9 (2.4 ± 1.5)；奇偶校验，0–4 (1.3 ± 1.4)；流产，0-5；和活产，0-5。空腹血糖水平为 60–145 mg/dL (85.5 ± 12.5)；葡萄糖负荷后 1 小时为 77–229 mg/dL (131.8 ± 27.2)，2 小时为 72–223 mg/dL (123.1 ± 25.0)。51 名受试者 (35.9%) 符合 WHO (2013) GDM 标准，29 名 (20.4%) 符合 WHO 1999；IAPDSG/美国糖尿病协会 54 (38%)；NICE 在 44 (31%) 和 DIPSI 在 25 (17.6%)。三名受试者在怀孕期间患有糖尿病。既往流产和巨大儿、糖尿病家族史、既往 GDM、高血压和复发性尿路感染被发现是 GDM 发展的重要危险因素。结论：该研究强调了我们当地人群中 GDM 的高患病率。在各个层面，GDM 的筛查和管理都应作为常规产前服务纳入。