This article investigates five kinds of vagueness in medicine: disciplinary, ontological, conceptual, epistemic, and vagueness with respect to descriptive-prescriptive connections. First, medicine is a discipline with unclear borders, as it builds on a wide range of other disciplines and subjects. Second, medicine deals with many indistinct phenomena resulting in borderline cases. Third, medicine uses a variety of vague concepts, making it unclear which situations, conditions, and processes that fall under them. Fourth, medicine is based on and produces uncertain knowledge and evidence. Fifth, vagueness emerges in medicine as a result of a wide range of fact-value-interactions. The various kinds of vagueness in medicine can explain many of the basic challenges of modern medicine, such as overdiagnosis, underdiagnosis, and medicalization. Even more, it illustrates how complex and challenging the field of medicine is, but also how important contributions from the philosophy can be for the practice of medicine. By clarifying and, where possible, reducing or limiting vagueness, philosophy can help improving care. Reducing the various types of vagueness can improve clinical decision-making, informing individuals, and health policy making.

本文研究了医学中的五种模糊性：学科模糊性、本体性模糊性、概念性模糊性、认知性模糊性和描述性-规范性联系方面的模糊性。首先，医学是一门边界不明确的学科，因为它建立在广泛的其他学科和学科之上。其次，医学处理导致边缘病例的许多模糊现象。第三，医学使用了各种模糊的概念，导致不清楚哪些情况、条件和过程属于它们。第四，医学以不确定的知识和证据为基础并产生不确定性。第五，由于广泛的事实-价值-相互作用，医学中出现了模糊性。医学中的各种模糊性可以解释现代医学的许多基本挑战，例如过度诊断、诊断不足和医学化。更，它说明了医学领域的复杂性和挑战性，也说明了哲学对医学实践的重要贡献。通过澄清并在可能的情况下减少或限制模糊性，哲学可以帮助改善护理。减少各种类型的模糊性可以改进临床决策、通知个人和健康政策制定。