Thrombopoiesis governs the formation of blood platelets in bone marrow by converting megakaryocytes into long, branched proplatelets on which individual platelets are assembled. The megakaryocyte cytoskeleton responds to multiple microenvironmental cues, including chemical and mechanical stimuli, sustaining the platelet shedding. During the megakaryocyte's life cycle, cytoskeletal networks organize cell shape and content, connect them physically and biochemically to the bone marrow vascular niche, and enable the release of platelets into the bloodstream. While the basic building blocks of the cytoskeleton have been studied extensively, new sets of cytoskeleton regulators have emerged as critical components of the dynamic protein network that supports platelet production. Understanding how the interaction of individual molecules of the cytoskeleton governs megakaryocyte behavior is essential to improve knowledge of platelet biogenesis and develop new therapeutic strategies for inherited thrombocytopenias caused by alterations in the cytoskeletal genes.

血小板生成通过将巨核细胞转化为长的、分支的前血小板来控制骨髓中血小板的形成，在这些前血小板上组装单个血小板。巨核细胞骨架响应多种微环境线索，包括化学和机械刺激，维持血小板脱落。在巨核细胞的生命周期中，细胞骨架网络组织细胞形状和内容，将它们物理和生化连接到骨髓血管生态位，并使血小板释放到血液中。虽然细胞骨架的基本组成部分已被广泛研究，但新的细胞骨架调节剂已成为支持血小板生成的动态蛋白质网络的关键组成部分。