In recent years, nanoporous thin films are widely studied as an effective way to improve the thermoelectric performance or manipulate the thermal transport within thin-film-based devices. In practice, nanoporous patterns can effectively cut off the heat flow and thus guide the thermal transport along the desired direction. However, a better design of these thermal devices is not addressed, such as thermal cloaking as the thermal counterpart for optical invisibility cloaks. In existing designs based on the Fourier's law, composite materials with varied structures are often introduced to achieve the required location-dependent thermal conductivities to distort the heat flux. At the micro-to nano-scale, such designs are difficult to be implemented and factors such as the interfacial thermal resistance must be further considered. In this work, inverse thermal designs of a nanoporous thin film are used to achieve the two-dimensional thermal cloaking, without introducing any other variation of the composition or material to tune the local thermal conductivity. This simple approach can be widely used for thin-film-based devices to protect heat-sensitive regions or function as thermal camouflaging devices. The proposed nanoporous structures can also be used to tune the local properties of a thin film for general applications, such as graded thermoelectric materials.

近年来，纳米多孔薄膜作为改善热电性能或控制薄膜器件内热传输的有效方法得到了广泛研究。在实践中，纳米多孔图案可以有效地切断热流，从而沿着所需方向引导热传输。然而，这些热装置的更好设计没有得到解决，例如作为光学隐形斗篷的热对应物的热斗篷。在基于傅立叶定律的现有设计中，经常引入具有不同结构的复合材料来实现所需的位置相关热导率，从而扭曲热通量。在微米到纳米尺度上，这种设计难以实现，必须进一步考虑界面热阻等因素。在这项工作中，纳米多孔薄膜的逆向热设计用于实现二维热隐形，而不引入任何其他成分或材料的变化来调整局部热导率。这种简单的方法可广泛用于基于薄膜的设备，以保护热敏感区域或用作热伪装设备。所提出的纳米多孔结构还可用于调整薄膜的局部特性，以用于一般应用，例如梯度热电材料。这种简单的方法可广泛用于基于薄膜的设备，以保护热敏感区域或用作热伪装设备。所提出的纳米多孔结构还可用于调整薄膜的局部特性，以用于一般应用，例如梯度热电材料。这种简单的方法可广泛用于基于薄膜的设备，以保护热敏感区域或用作热伪装设备。所提出的纳米多孔结构还可用于调整薄膜的局部特性，以用于一般应用，例如梯度热电材料。