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On the normalized power prior
Statistics in Medicine ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-04 , DOI: 10.1002/sim.9124
Luiz Max Carvalho 1 , Joseph G Ibrahim 2
Affiliation  

The power prior is a popular tool for constructing informative prior distributions based on historical data. The method consists of raising the likelihood to a discounting factor in order to control the amount of information borrowed from the historical data. However, one often wishes to assign this discounting factor a prior distribution and estimate it jointly with the parameters, which in turn necessitates the computation of a normalizing constant. In this article, we are concerned with how to approximately sample from joint posterior of the parameters and the discounting factor. We first show a few important properties of the normalizing constant and then use these results to motivate a bisection-type algorithm for computing it on a fixed budget of evaluations. We give a large array of illustrations and discuss cases where the normalizing constant is known in closed-form and where it is not. We show that the proposed method produces approximate posteriors that are very close to the exact distributions and also produces posteriors that cover the data-generating parameters with higher probability in the intractable case. Our results suggest that the proposed method is an accurate and easy to implement technique to include this normalization, being applicable to a large class of models. They also reinforce the notion that proper inclusion of the normalizing constant is crucial to the drawing of correct inferences and appropriate quantification of uncertainty.

中文翻译:

关于归一化功率先验

幂先验是一种流行的工具,用于根据历史数据构建信息丰富的先验分布。该方法包括将可能性提高到折扣因子,以控制从历史数据中借用的信息量。然而,人们通常希望将这个贴现因子分配给先验分布,并与参数一起对其进行估计,这反过来又需要计算归一化常数。在本文中,我们关注如何从参数和贴现因子的联合后验中近似采样。我们首先展示归一化常数的一些重要属性,然后使用这些结果来激发二分型算法,以在固定的评估预算上计算它。我们给出了大量的说明,并讨论了规范化常数在封闭形式中已知和不存在的情况。我们表明,所提出的方法产生了非常接近精确分布的近似后验,并且还产生了在棘手情况下以更高的概率覆盖数据生成参数的后验。我们的结果表明,所提出的方法是一种准确且易于实现的技术,包括这种归一化,适用于一大类模型。它们还强化了这样一种观念,即正确包含归一化常数对于得出正确的推论和适当量化不确定性至关重要。我们表明,所提出的方法产生了非常接近精确分布的近似后验,并且还产生了在棘手情况下以更高的概率覆盖数据生成参数的后验。我们的结果表明,所提出的方法是一种准确且易于实现的技术,包括这种归一化,适用于一大类模型。它们还强化了这样一种观念,即正确包含归一化常数对于得出正确的推论和适当量化不确定性至关重要。我们表明,所提出的方法产生了非常接近精确分布的近似后验,并且还产生了在棘手情况下以更高的概率覆盖数据生成参数的后验。我们的结果表明,所提出的方法是一种准确且易于实现的技术,包括这种归一化,适用于一大类模型。它们还强化了这样一种观念,即正确包含归一化常数对于得出正确的推论和适当量化不确定性至关重要。适用于一大类模型。它们还强化了这样一种观念,即正确包含归一化常数对于得出正确的推论和适当量化不确定性至关重要。适用于一大类模型。它们还强化了这样一种观念,即正确包含归一化常数对于得出正确的推论和适当量化不确定性至关重要。
更新日期:2021-07-04
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