Abstract

The results of an intensive complex experiment carried out from March 25 to May 3, 2020, to study the composition and time variability of urban aerosol in the atmosphere in the center of Moscow include data on daily mean concentrations of both РМ₁₀ and РМ_2.5 particles and 65 chemical elements. The concentrations of all components did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) for residential areas. The exception was increased РМ₁₀ concentrations recorded on March 27–29, when air masses from neighboring regions with biomass fires arrived in the city. The coefficients of correlation between values of the concentrations and enrichment factors of the elements confirmed the anthropogenic/local origin of some heavy metals (Cd, Sb, Pb, Se, Th) and the terrigenous/global origin of elements such as Mn, Mg, Zn, Co, Fe, Al, and Cr. The elements S, P, K, Na, Ca, Ni, Cu, Mo, Sn, W, Bi, and U, for which no significant correlation between their concentrations and enrichment factors has been found, apparently, have a mixed origin from both natural and anthropogenic sources competing with each other from day to day. The first studies of the weekly cycle of the relative elemental composition of surface aerosol in Moscow have shown the leading role of meteorological conditions (in particular, air pressure and humidity) in variations of aerosol pollution levels.

中文翻译：

---

2020年春季莫斯科大气气溶胶成分的时间变化

摘要

2020 年 3 月 25 日至 5 月 3 日为研究莫斯科市中心大气中城市气溶胶的成分和时间变化而进行的密集复杂实验的结果包括 РМ ₁₀和 РМ _2.5颗粒的每日平均浓度数据和 65 种化学元素。所有成分的浓度均未超过住宅区的最大允许浓度 (MPC)。异常增加了РМ ₁₀3 月 27 日至 29 日记录的浓度，当时来自邻近地区的生物质火灾的气团到达该市。元素浓度值与富集因子之间的相关系数证实了一些重金属（Cd、Sb、Pb、Se、Th）的人为/本地来源以及Mn、Mg等元素的陆源/全球来源，锌、钴、铁、铝和铬。元素 S、P、K、Na、Ca、Ni、Cu、Mo、Sn、W、Bi 和 U 的浓度与富集因子之间没有显着相关性，显然它们有混合来源自然和人为来源每天都在相互竞争。对莫斯科地表气溶胶相对元素组成每周周期的首次研究表明，气象条件（尤其是