This article critiques the concept “novice” in the language socialization paradigm. Although rarely theorized, the concept “novice” has framed what is seen as an event of language socialization: it must include at least one person who has not yet acquired some socially valuable characteristic or skill. Conversely, we propose that novicehood is not a natural category: agents who appear as “novices” only do so relative to ideological worlds in which they are made to appear relatively incapable. We then go on to consider three consequences of this reformulation: agents and objects of socialization do not have to be human, socialization does not necessarily lead “upward” towards expertise, and the linguistic mediation of these processes does not always summon agents towards maturity. This critique leads us to propose a theory that both includes a broader range of socializable agents and connects socialization to questions of power and exclusion. [language socialization, novice, ideology, life course, race]

中文翻译：

---

使新手去自然化：对语言社会化理论的批判

本文批判了语言社会化范式中的“新手”概念。尽管很少理论化，“新手”这个概念已经构成了被视为语言社会化事件的框架：它必须包括至少一个尚未获得某些具有社会价值的特征或技能的人。相反，我们认为新手不是一个自然的类别：表现为“新手”的代理人只是在相对于他们被认为相对无能的意识形态世界中这样做。然后，我们继续考虑这种重新表述的三个后果：社会化的主体和对象不一定是人类，社会化不一定会导致“向上”走向专业知识，并且这些过程的语言中介并不总是召唤主体走向成熟。这种批评使我们提出了一个理论，该理论既包括更广泛的社会化代理人，又将社会化与权力和排斥问题联系起来。[语言社会化、新手、意识形态、人生历程、种族】