The study aims at defining and characterizing a specific restoration mortar for archaeological masonry structures made with traditional materials and to assess the suitability of the mixture compared to other mortars; such a goal is crucial to develop and define interventions in the archaeological sites. The mixture was defined to ensure compatibility with ancient materials and following frequently adopted recommendations at the site, specifically by using: (1) raw materials as similar as possible to the ancient ones; (2) traditional mix design. Therefore, the mixture was made with commercial lime putty CL 90-S type and natural Phlegrean pozzolan, i.e. volcanoclastic material collected from the volcanic area located in the West of Naples in Italy. The precious and limitedly available natural pozzolan used in the experiments resulted in an exclusive mortar which is very similar to the archaeological ones. The mortar has a binder to aggregate ratio 1:3 by volume, according to traditional techniques typically encountered in the ancient Roman city of Pompeii and Vesuvius surrounding area. The evolution of the flexural and compressive strength, elastic modulus, bulk density, open porosity and ultrasonic pulse velocity has been monitored for up to 200 days, based on standard procedures. Moreover, the hardening process was monitored with Differential Thermal Analysis up to 90 days, through the evaluation of phase transitions associated with dehydroxylation and decarboxylation, considering different depths from the external surface of the mortar. The achieved mechanical properties were compatible with those of lime-based mixtures for repair interventions of ancient masonry structures. Moreover, the mortar was found to be well-suited to mitigate cracking, showing a low ratio between its stiffness and load capacity compared to other typologies of mortars used for masonry restoration. Ultrasonic pulse velocity test proved to be a reasonable complementary method to monitor the evolution of the hardened properties of the mortar. Carbonation was found to be still progressing at 90 days. The data presented provide useful and reliable information to approach the complex process of restoration in archeological sites.

该研究旨在定义和表征用传统材料制成的考古砌体结构的特定修复砂浆，并评估该混合物与其他砂浆相比的适用性；这一目标对于开发和定义考古遗址的干预措施至关重要。该混合物的定义是为了确保与古代材料的兼容性，并遵循现场经常采用的建议，特别是通过使用： (1) 原材料尽可能与古代材料相似；(2)传统的混合设计。因此，该混合物是用商业石灰腻子 CL 90-S 型和天然 Phlegrean 火山灰制成的，即从位于意大利那不勒斯西部的火山区收集的火山碎屑材料。实验中使用的珍贵且数量有限的天然火山灰产生了一种与考古材料非常相似的独特砂浆。根据古罗马城市庞贝城和维苏威火山周边地区常见的传统技术，砂浆的粘合剂与骨料的体积比为 1:3。根据标准程序，对弯曲和压缩强度、弹性模量、体积密度、开孔率和超声波脉冲速度的演变进行了长达 200 天的监测。此外，考虑到砂浆外表面的不同深度，通过评估与脱羟基和脱羧相关的相变，使用差热分析监测硬化过程长达 90 天。获得的机械性能与石灰基混合物的机械性能兼容，用于修复古代砖石结构的干预措施。此外，发现该砂浆非常适合减轻开裂，与用于砌体修复的其他类型的砂浆相比，其刚度和承载能力之间的比率较低。超声波脉冲速度测试被证明是监测砂浆硬化性能演变的一种合理的补充方法。发现碳酸化在 90 天时仍在进行。所提供的数据为处理考古遗址的复杂修复过程提供了有用和可靠的信息。与用于砌体修复的其他类型的砂浆相比，其刚度和承载能力之间的比率较低。超声波脉冲速度测试被证明是监测砂浆硬化性能演变的一种合理的补充方法。发现碳酸化在 90 天时仍在进行。所提供的数据为处理考古遗址的复杂修复过程提供了有用和可靠的信息。与用于砌体修复的其他类型的砂浆相比，其刚度和承载能力之间的比率较低。超声波脉冲速度测试被证明是监测砂浆硬化性能演变的一种合理的补充方法。发现碳酸化在 90 天时仍在进行。所提供的数据为处理考古遗址的复杂修复过程提供了有用和可靠的信息。