Cerebral ischemia can be considered a lethal disease as it is a leading cause of death worldwide with no prompt line of treatment. The factors which make this disease more fatal are failure of drugs while crossing BBB, very low availability of the drug in the brain, inefficiency of drug molecule in the clinical studies, limited availability of clinical data, lack of awareness about this disease, and many more. This review focuses on reasons and mechanisms of stroke, classification of brain ischemia; it also reveals the current scenario of stroke in India. Very few drugs are effective for the treatment of stroke. This compilation furnishes conventional and recent treatments of stroke along with their hurdles like the gap between preclinical and clinical studies. This review also suggests effective routes of administration of drugs for the treatment of brain ischemia specifically nose-to-brain route and effectiveness of different dosage forms precisely nanoformulations, as the most effective dosage form. By following different guidelines and treatments, the risk of brain ischemia can be minimized as well as some advanced techniques for the treatment of this disease proving their efficiency. One of the important aspects in the success of the treatment for this disease is the route of administration of the drug. Among all routes, intranasal drug delivery presents a potential approach and is supposed to be the next-generation therapy for brain disorders. The nose-to-brain route is very effective, and it shows some promising results in case of stroke treatment. The strategy is still under investigation despite various successful lab-scale studies; there are numerous challenges to reach the product in the market. Research is going on to get a better understanding of this strategy. We believe that detailed studies to resolve pitfalls will lead to the successful development of an intranasal formulation for the management of ischemic brain injury such as stroke.

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脑缺血性卒中及治疗卒中的不同方法

脑缺血可以被认为是一种致命的疾病，因为它是世界范围内死亡的主要原因，而且没有及时的治疗方法。使这种疾病更致命的因素是药物在穿过 BBB 时失败、大脑中药物的可用性非常低、临床研究中药物分子的效率低下、临床数据的可用性有限、对这种疾病缺乏认识以及许多更多的。本综述重点介绍中风的原因和机制、脑缺血的分类；它还揭示了印度当前的中风情况。很少有药物能有效治疗中风。该汇编提供了中风的常规和最新治疗方法以及它们的障碍，例如临床前研究和临床研究之间的差距。这篇综述还提出了治疗脑缺血的有效药物给药途径，特别是鼻-脑途径，以及不同剂型的有效性，纳米制剂是最有效的剂型。通过遵循不同的指导方针和治疗方法，可以将脑缺血的风险降到最低，一些治疗这种疾病的先进技术也证明了它们的有效性。这种疾病治疗成功的重要方面之一是药物的给药途径。在所有途径中，鼻内给药是一种潜在的方法，被认为是脑部疾病的下一代疗法。鼻子到大脑的路线非常有效，并且在中风治疗中显示出一些有希望的结果。尽管有各种成功的实验室规模研究，但该策略仍在调查中。要在市场上销售产品，面临许多挑战。正在进行研究以更好地了解这一策略。我们相信，解决陷阱的详细研究将导致成功开发用于治疗中风等缺血性脑损伤的鼻内制剂。