ABSTRACT

This article analyses how Don Alonso de Cárdenas, the Spanish crown’s chief representative in London from 1638 until 1655, engaged in public diplomacy and print during the English Civil Wars and Interregnum. It demonstrates that in almost all instances, the numerous printed works associated with the ambassador during the period examined were the products of a press culture driven by conflicts between Royalist and Parliamentarian factions. Rather than actively engaging in printing to promote his embassy and goals, Cárdenas strived to use more conventional forms of public diplomacy, making oblique use of printed media on but a few occasions. This article concludes that he was constrained on both fronts by the local political situation, English sensitivities concerning Spain, and a hostile, competitive press community. It sheds light on some essential preconditions for a successful and active early modern public diplomacy.

摘要

本文分析了 1638 年至 1655 年西班牙王室在伦敦的首席代表唐·阿隆索·德·卡德纳斯 (Don Alonso de Cárdenas) 在英国内战和过渡时期如何从事公共外交和印刷。它表明，在几乎所有情况下，在审查期间与大使相关的众多印刷作品都是由保皇党和议会派系之间的冲突驱动的新闻文化的产物。卡德纳斯并没有积极参与印刷来宣传他的大使馆和目标，而是努力使用更传统的公共外交形式，仅在少数场合间接使用印刷媒体。这篇文章的结论是，他在两方面都受到当地政治局势、英语对西班牙的敏感性以及充满敌意、竞争激烈的新闻界的制约。