The emergence of high-strength graphene marks a new milestone in the material science field. With only a small percentage inclusion into the matrix system, this organic nanoparticle could tremendously improve the strength in vast arrays of composites. At the same time, there is a growing interest in using the low-cost, lightweight, and high early strength geopolymer as the new binder for concrete. Compared to the traditional Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), geopolymer emits 80% less CO2 during its production while exerting similar strength. Thus, the geopolymer has the potential to commercialize as new and green concrete. Geopolymer is a mixture of aluminosilicate powders and alkaline solutions. When incorporated with nano-sized graphene, the material forms a composite known as Graphene Reinforced Geopolymer Nanocomposite (GRGN). The addition of graphene enhances the strength of geopolymer, which can further improve its competitiveness. However, this depends on several factors, including the types of graphene, the surface modification of graphene, and the concentration of alkaline solutions. Generally, the presence of graphene alters the porous structure of geopolymer into a substantially filled porous structure, thus increasing compressive strength and flexural strength. On the other hand, Graphene Oxide (GO) undergoes a chemical reduction in the alkaline solution, producing epoxy functional groups. The chemical treatment results in two conditions which are weak interaction between graphene and geopolymer matrix, and better graphene dispersibility in geopolymer matrix. This review also highlights the analytical modelling aspect of GRGN. The dissolution of Si(OH)4 and Al(OH)4 from the aluminosilicate source was consistent with experimental work and analytical modelling, while the dissolution of Si–OH on the surface-modified graphene indicated otherwise. Therefore, this paper will provide an insightful review of the GRGN mechanical properties.

中文翻译：

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石墨烯增强地质聚合物纳米复合材料的机械强度：综述

高强度石墨烯的出现标志着材料科学领域的一个新里程碑。由于基质系统中只包含一小部分，这种有机纳米颗粒可以极大地提高大量复合材料的强度。与此同时，人们越来越关注使用低成本、轻质、高早强的地质聚合物作为混凝土的新型粘合剂。与传统的普通硅酸盐水泥 (OPC) 相比，地质聚合物在其生产过程中排放的二氧化碳减少了 80%，同时发挥了相似的强度。因此，地质聚合物具有作为新型绿色混凝土商业化的潜力。地质聚合物是铝硅酸盐粉末和碱性溶液的混合物。当与纳米级石墨烯结合时，该材料形成称为石墨烯增强地质聚合物纳米复合材料 (GRGN) 的复合材料。石墨烯的加入增强了地质聚合物的强度，可以进一步提高其竞争力。然而，这取决于几个因素，包括石墨烯的类型、石墨烯的表面改性以及碱性溶液的浓度。通常，石墨烯的存在将地质聚合物的多孔结构改变为基本填充的多孔结构，从而提高压缩强度和弯曲强度。另一方面，氧化石墨烯（GO）在碱性溶液中发生化学还原，产生环氧官能团。化学处理导致石墨烯与地质聚合物基体之间的弱相互作用以及石墨烯在地质聚合物基体中更好的分散性两种情况。该评论还强调了 GRGN 的分析建模方面。Si(OH)4 和 Al(OH)4 从铝硅酸盐源中的溶解与实验工作和分析模型一致，而 Si-OH 在表面改性石墨烯上的溶解则另有说明。因此，本文将对 GRGN 的机械性能进行深入的回顾。