period from Independence to the 1850s. Skimming over the Reforma period, the French Intervention, the Liberal Restoration, and the first 14 years of the Porfiriato, the final chapter examines a much different political situation. The last decade of the nineteenth century exhibited the sharp decline of the liberal, egalitarian early independence era. The temporal leap from the mid nineteenth century to its last decade is a bit disorienting. Unlike previous chapters, in which Schaefer convincingly marshals extensive research to intervene in historiographical debates, this chapter tacks between the recent revisionist trend toward a postmortem rehabilitation of Díaz’s rule and what Schaefer terms the “black legend” (181), which emphasizes the arbitrary and roughshod treatment of Mexico’s peasants and workers by the Porfiriato’s agents. Despite much of his evidence pointing in the other direction, Schaefer hews close to the revisionist perspective.

中文翻译：

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西班牙主义 - 西班牙主义精神：横跨大西洋的商业、文化和身份，1875-1936 年。戴安娜·阿尔巴扎。圣母大学：圣母大学出版社，2020 年。Pp。x, 244. 注释。参考书目。指数。$55.00 布；43.99 美元的电子书。

从独立到 1850 年代。略读改革时期、法国干预、自由主义复辟和波菲里亚托的前 14 年，最后一章考察了截然不同的政治局势。19 世纪的最后十年展现了自由主义、平等主义早期独立时代的急剧衰落。从 19 世纪中期到最后十年的时间飞跃有点令人迷惑。与前几章不同的是，舍费尔令人信服地组织了广泛的研究来干预史学辩论，本章在最近的修正主义趋势之间进行了对迪亚兹统治的事后复辟，以及舍费尔所说的“黑色传奇”（181），后者强调任意和Porfiriato 的代理人粗暴对待墨西哥的农民和工人。