The study deals with the experimental and numerical investigation of the hybrid Photovoltaic-thermal solar collector system in Duhok city during seven months and includes different measurements of temperatures, water mass flow rate, wind velocity, and solar intensity. A one-dimensional mathematical model is used to simulate the transient processes with constant thermo-physical properties and heat transfer coefficients. The energy conservation equations are solved using implicit finite difference method. The numerical and experimental results showed satisfactory agreement with an error (2.36%) between two thermal efficiencies. The results include the estimation of the electrical and thermal energy, thermal, electrical and overall efficiency. The highest overall efficiency of PV/T collector occurs in May 2019 with value (72.01%) and the lowest value in January 2019 is obtained as (63.1%). The cooling method leads to an increase in the electrical efficiency to about 3% as compared with PV solar collector system.

中文翻译：

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杜和市混合光伏/集热器系统的数值和实验研究

该研究涉及杜霍克市在七个月内对混合光伏-热太阳能集热器系统进行的实验和数值研究，包括对温度、水质量流量、风速和太阳强度的不同测量。一维数学模型用于模拟具有恒定热物理特性和传热系数的瞬态过程。使用隐式有限差分法求解能量守恒方程。数值和实验结果表明两个热效率之间的误差（2.36%）令人满意。结果包括对电能和热能、热能、电能和整体效率的估计。PV/T 集热器的最高整体效率出现在 2019 年 5 月，值为 (72. 01%)，2019 年 1 月的最低值为 (63.1%)。与光伏太阳能集热器系统相比，冷却方法可将电效率提高至约 3%。