Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the bio-efficacy and cumulative effect of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), viz., Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimmermann) Zare and Gams, and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and different botanical oils against grape mealy bug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green). M. hirsutus infestation during berry formation has left no option other than chemical management. However, the pesticide application during this stage leads to residues. Thus, safer and sustainable biological need was tested for their effectiveness against M. hirsutus. Dipping bioassay technique was used to determine the cumulative mortality. When L. lecanii was used as sole (at 6 and 4 g/l), significant mortality was observed (51.63 and 50.18%). However, the maximum cumulative nymphal mortality was achieved when the combination of EPF formulations was used, i.e., 57.64% with B. bassiana + L. lecanii (6 g/l + 6 g/l). Their effectiveness was at par with the same combination but with minimal concentration, i.e., 4 g/l + 4 g/l (56.29%). Concerning the botanical oils evaluated, neem oil at 15 ml/l achieved a higher mortality of 81.36%. Consecutive effective treatment was a combination of neem oil and pongamia oil (at 10 + 10 ml/l) with 79.65% mortality. However, the standard dosage of neem oil (at 10 ml/l) and IIHR neem soap (at 10 g/l) also recorded the significant mortality of 78.09 and 77.67%, respectively. When compared, the neem oil was found significantly superior in sole and compatible combination than pongamia oil. Lecanicillium lecanii and neem oil (sole and in combination with other compatible bioagents) proved significantly better for the management against M. hirsutus with an efficacy of 90.21 and 96.67 % mortality, respectively against the standard chemical control (more than 97%).

中文翻译：

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使用昆虫病原真菌和植物油管理葡萄粉蚧，Maconellicoccus hirsutus（绿色）：一项实验室研究

进行实验室实验以评估昆虫病原真菌 (EPF)，即 Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimmermann) Zare 和 Gams 和 Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin 以及不同植物油对葡萄粉蚧、Maconellicoccus hirsutus 的生物功效和累积效应（绿色的）。M. hirsutus 在浆果形成过程中的侵染除了化学管理外别无选择。然而，在这个阶段施用农药会导致残留。因此，测试了更安全和可持续的生物需求对多毛毛孢子虫的有效性。浸渍生物测定技术用于确定累积死亡率。当 L. lecanii 用作唯一（6 和 4 克/升）时，观察到显着的死亡率（51.63 和 50.18%）。然而，当使用 EPF 制剂组合时达到最大累积若虫死亡率，即 57.64% 与 B. bassiana + L. lecanii (6 g/l + 6 g/l)。它们的有效性与相同的组合相当，但浓度最低，即 4 g/l + 4 g/l (56.29%)。关于评估的植物油，15 毫升/升的印楝油达到了 81.36% 的更高死亡率。连续有效的治疗是结合印楝油和水黄油（10 + 10 ml/l），死亡率为 79.65%。然而，印楝油（10 毫升/升）和 IIHR 印楝皂（10 克/升）的标准剂量也分别记录了 78.09% 和 77.67% 的显着死亡率。相比之下，印楝油在单独和相容组合方面明显优于水黄油。