Intestinal epithelial cells are challenged by mycotoxins and many bacterial pathogens. It was previously shown that the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) as well as Campylobacter (C.) jejuni have a negative impact on gut integrity. Recently, it was demonstrated that DON increased the load of C. jejuni in the gut and inner organs. Based on this finding, it was hypothesized the DON metabolite (deepoxy-deoxynivalenol, DOM-1) should be able to reduce the negative effects of DON on colonization and translocation of C. jejuni in broilers, since it lacks the epoxide ring, which is responsible for the toxicity of DON. A total of 180 broiler chickens were housed in floor pens on wood shavings with feed and water provided ad libitum. Birds were divided into six groups (n = 30 with 5 replicates/group): 1. Control, 2. DOM-1, 3. DON, 4. DOM-1 + C. jejuni, 5. DON + C. jejuni, 6. C. jejuni. At day 14, birds of groups 4, 5 and 6 were orally inoculated via feeding tube (gavage) with 1-ml of a PBS suspension containing 1 × 108 CFU of C. jejuni NCTC 12744. The performance parameters: body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), and feed intake of the birds were determined. At 7, 14, and 21 days post infection, samples from liver, spleen, duodenum, jejunum and cecum were aseptically collected and processed for bacteriological investigations. Finally, at each killing time point, segments of duodenum, jejunum and cecum were harvested and prepared for Ussing chamber studies to measure the paracellular mannitol fluxes. A significant decrease in body weight was observed for chickens receiving the DON diet with or without C. jejuni compared to the other groups. Furthermore, it was found that the co-exposure of birds to DON and C. jejuni resulted in a higher C. jejuni load not only in the gut but also in liver and spleen due to increased paracellular permeability of the duodenum, jejunum and cecum. On the contrary, DOM-1 supplementation in the feed improved the birds’ performance and led to a better feed conversion ratio throughout the trial. Furthermore, DOM-1 did not negatively affect gut permeability and decreased the C. jejuni counts in the intestine and internal organs. Altogether, the presence of DOM-1 in the feed as a result of the enzymatic biotransformation of DON leads to a lower C. jejuni count in the intestine and better feed conversion ratio. Moreover, this study demonstrates that the detoxification product of DON, DOM-1, does not have negative effects on the gastrointestinal tract and reduces the Campylobacter burden in chickens and also the risk for human infection.

中文翻译：

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Deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) 是 deoxynivalenol (DON) 的衍生物，对肉鸡肠道屏障功能、空肠弯曲杆菌定植和易位的毒性较小

肠道上皮细胞受到霉菌毒素和许多细菌病原体的挑战。先前的研究表明，霉菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 (DON) 和空肠弯曲杆菌 (C.) 对肠道完整性有负面影响。最近，已证明 DON 增加了肠道和内脏器官中空肠弯曲杆菌的负荷。基于这一发现，假设 DON 代谢物（deepoxy-deoxynivalenol，DOM-1）应该能够减少 DON 对肉鸡空肠弯曲杆菌定植和易位的负面影响，因为它缺乏环氧化物环，这是负责 DON 的毒性。将总共​​ 180 只肉鸡圈养在木屑上的地板围栏中，随意提供饲料和水。家禽被分为六组（n = 30，每组重复 5 次）：1. 对照，2. DOM-1，3. DON，4. DOM-1 + C. jejuni，5. DON + C. jejuni，6. C. jejuni。在第 14 天，第 4、5 和 6 组的鸡通过饲管（管饲法）口服接种 1 毫升含有 1 × 108 CFU 空肠弯曲杆菌 NCTC 12744 的 PBS 悬浮液。 性能参数：体重（BW）测定了鸟类的体重增加 (BWG) 和饲料摄入量。在感染后第 7、14 和 21 天，无菌收集肝脏、脾脏、十二指肠、空肠和盲肠的样本并进行细菌学研究。最后，在每个杀死时间点，收获十二指肠、空肠和盲肠的片段并准备用于 Ussing 室研究以测量细胞旁甘露醇通量。与其他组相比，接受含有或不含空肠弯曲杆菌的 DON 饮食的鸡的体重显着降低。此外，结果表明，由于十二指肠、空肠和盲肠的细胞旁通透性增加，禽类同时接触 DON 和空肠弯曲杆菌，不仅在肠道中，而且在肝脏和脾脏中也会导致更高的空肠弯曲杆菌负荷。相反，在饲料中添加 DOM-1 提高了鸡只的生产性能，并在整个试验过程中提高了饲料转化率。此外，DOM-1 不会对肠道通透性产生负面影响，并且会降低肠道和内脏中空肠弯曲杆菌的数量。总而言之，由于 DON 的酶促生物转化，饲料中 DOM-1 的存在导致肠道中空肠弯曲杆菌数量减少，饲料转化率更高。此外，这项研究表明，DON、DOM-1、