A macroscopic model based on analogies with Little’s Law is proposed. The relaxation time is employed to characterize changes in density. This change is large for a small relaxation time and large interactions between vehicles occur. The relaxation time encompasses driver behavior which includes the time to perceive and process traffic situations and the resulting actions. Thus, it incorporates the perception and reaction time of a driver. The proposed model is evaluated for a transition caused by a bottleneck on a road and is compared with Zhang model. Performance results are presented which show that traffic evolution with the proposed model is more realistic than with the Zhang model.

提出了一个基于类比利特尔定律的宏观模型。弛豫时间用于表征密度的变化。对于小的弛豫时间和车辆之间的大量交互，这种变化很大。放松时间包括驾驶员行为，包括感知和处理交通情况以及由此产生的行为的时间。因此，它结合了驾驶员的感知和反应时间。所提出的模型评估了由道路瓶颈引起的过渡，并与张模型进行了比较。性能结果表明，所提出的模型的交通演变比张模型更真实。