This paper reviews studies on the relationship between temperament according to Jan Strelau’s Regulative Theory of Temperament and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with an emphasis on the results of psychological and genetic research. All temperament traits proposed by the RTT show relationships to PTSD symptoms, which was confirmed in both cross-sectional and prospective studies. The heritability of temperament traits was demonstrated in twin studies; their genetic basis was also shown in family and molecular studies. Research into genetic associations involving temperament according to RTT and PTSD is rare. The future directions of neurobiological studies include, among others: genome-wide association studies, studies on genes and environment interactions, and neuroscience studies. The idea of integration of different approaches is also outlined.

本文根据Jan Strelau的气质调节理论对气质与创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）关系的研究进行综述，重点是心理学和遗传学研究的结果。RTT 提出的所有气质特征都显示出与 PTSD 症状的关系，这在横断面研究和前瞻性研究中都得到了证实。双胞胎研究证明了气质特征的遗传性；他们的遗传基础也在家族和分子研究中得到证实。根据 RTT 和 PTSD 对涉及气质的遗传关联的研究很少见。神经生物学研究的未来方向包括：全基因组关联研究、基因和环境相互作用研究以及神经科学研究。