When soil particles break, the particle size distribution (PSD) becomes a variable in the same way as other variables like void ratio, soil structure and anisotropy, etc. To consider particle breakage in a constitutive model, we need three key components: (i) quantification of PSD in a realistically simple manner, (ii) evolution of PSD during particle breakage, and (iii) influences of PSD on other soil properties like strength and stiffness. This paper firstly summarizes the latest advances in the first two components, discusses new ways of quantifying PSD effects, and finally presents a new critical state model where the PSD is treated as a variable. In discussing the PSD effects, we focus on the movement of the critical state line (CSL) due to particle breakage. We introduce a new state parameter and a new evolution law of the CSL. We assume that the CSL shifts downwards in the v—lnp space with increasing particle breakage under relatively low stresses, but all the CSLs for different PSDs converge to a steady state at high stresses where particle breakage eventually stops and is no longer the main mechanism for soil deformation. The proposed model is compared with other constitutive model in the literature and validated against experimental data, which demonstrates its satisfactory performance.

当土壤颗粒破碎时，粒度分布 (PSD) 与其他变量（如孔隙比、土壤结构和各向异性等）一样成为一个变量。 为了在本构模型中考虑颗粒破碎，我们需要三个关键组件：（i ) 以实际简单的方式量化 PSD，(ii) 颗粒破碎期间 PSD 的演变，以及 (iii) PSD 对其他土壤特性（如强度和刚度）的影响。本文首先总结了前两个组件的最新进展，讨论了量化 PSD 效应的新方法，最后提出了一种新的临界状态模型，其中 PSD 被视为一个变量。在讨论 PSD 效应时，我们将重点放在临界状态线 (CSL) 由于粒子破裂而发生的运动上。我们引入了新的状态参数和 CSL 的新演化规律。v -ln p空间在相对较低的应力下随着颗粒破碎的增加而增加，但不同 PSD 的所有 CSL 在高应力下收敛到稳定状态，此时颗粒破碎最终停止，不再是土壤变形的主要机制。所提出的模型与文献中的其他本构模型进行了比较，并通过实验数据进行了验证，证明了其令人满意的性能。